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A RARE AND LARGE WHITE JADE FIGURE OF A BIXIE, QIANLONG
奥地利 北京时间
10月17日 下午5点 开拍
拍品描述 翻译
A RARE AND LARGE WHITE JADE FIGURE OF A BIXIE, QIANLONG

China, 1736-1795. Exquisitely fashioned in the form of a winged and horned feline beast crouched low in an attacking stance, standing on four sharply clawed feet, its head turned to the left as it bares its teeth in a ferocious growl, below a ruyi-shaped snout, bulging round eyes, and curling bushy brows. The body, wings, and furcated tail neatly detailed with skillful incision work. The translucent stone is of a fine white hue with minuscule russet and icy inclusions.

Provenance: The Jeffrey M. Kaplan Collection, thence by descent. Raised in an artistic and cultured family, Jeffrey Kaplan graduated from the University of Michigan where he studied art history and English literature before attending Yale Law School. He began collecting in his thirties and assembled a large collection encompassing a wide range of subjects including Chinese ceramics and works of art, 20th century design, European furniture & decorative arts, Art Glass of the 19th-21st centuries, American modernist works on paper, and European print. He was a highly ambitious and passionate collector, intensely involved in the cataloging, physical care, and presentation of his collection.
Condition: Superb condition with minimal wear.

Weight: 473.5 g
Dimensions: Length 15.2 cm

The bixie, 'averter of evil', a lion-like mythical beast with claws (in contrast to the qilin which has hooves), appears in Chinese art as early as the Han dynasty, both in monumental stone sculpture and in small jade carvings. It has been suggested by S. H. Hansford in Chinese Carved Jades, London, 1968, p. 87, that “Winged quadrupeds are unknown to earlier Chinese mythology, but are a common feature of Babylonian and Assyrian imagery, and the concept seems to have reached China in the Han period through her exploration and expansion westward.” For monumental stone sculptures of bixie, see A. Falco Howard, Li Song, Wu Hung and Yang Hong, Chinese Sculpture, New Haven, 2006, pl.1.57, p. 92 (2nd century AD; at the Luoyang Museum, Henan Province), and see also pls. 2.64-65, pp.166-167 (a pair of stone bixie, Southern dynasties, at the Yongningling mausoleum of Chen Qian, Emperor Wen of Chen, Nanjing).

The Qianlong Emperor composed a poem for a Han dynasty jade carving of a Bixie (now in the National Palace Museum, Taipei):

Why is this feline called a bixie?
With swelling chest and splendid rump,
Mottled and broidered all around,
Ready to leap and seize his prey?
Yet doubts arise, however he could
Bring fortune to a noble house,
Avert calamity, turn it to gain,
Or manifest prosperity, ah no!
Imperially inscribed,
Spring 1774, second month, first decade

(see Masterworks of Chinese Jade in the National Palace Museum, Taipei, 1969, pl. 20)

Both the Yongzheng and Qianlong Emperors were deep admirers of ancient arts and encouraged their reproduction on various levels. An erudite scholar and passionate collector of antiques, the Qianlong Emperor’s love for the past was grounded in his admiration for Chinese history and influenced by Confucian philosophy, which emphasized the study of history in the pursuit of virtue. He actively influenced jade production and commissioned significant numbers of archaistic jade items for his court.

Literature comparison:
Compare to a bixie dated to the Western Han dynasty in the collection of the Xianyang Museum in Shaanxi province, illustrated in Zhongguo yuqi quanji-qin han, vol. 4, Shijiazhuang, 1993, p. 109, no. 148. Compare also a jade bixie dated to the Han dynasty, 8.2 cm long, at Christie’s Hong Kong, 9 July 2020, lot 2867.

Auction result comparison:
Type: Closely related
Auction: Sotheby’s Hong Kong, 4 April 2017, lot 3310
Price: HKD 625,000 or approx. EUR 83,500 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing
Description: A white and russet jade figure of a bixie, Qing dynasty, 18th century
Expert remark: Compare the closely related subject and manner of carving.

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