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全球拍卖首页 > Galerie Zacke > 亚洲艺术集珍 - 第一天 > Lot 0247
THE MONUMENTAL 'KIENZLE' TORSO OF A BODHISATTVA, ANCIENT REGION OF GANDHARA, KUSHAN PERIOD, CIRCA
奥地利
04月16日 下午5点 开拍 /19天12小时
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3RD-5TH CENTURYThis exceptional torso of a bodhisattva is a paragon of Gandharan sculpture, its abundance of intricately carved details matched in quality by the extraordinary naturalism of the youthful figure and the large scale of the sculpture. Depicting a bodhisattva in the regal dress of an Indian prince, the figure captures the spiritual enlightenment of a semi-divine being who has postponed nirvana in order to act as a compassionate guide to those seeking enlightenment on earth.Masterfully carved, the muscular torso with a naturalistic sense of definition and depth, adorned in a series of necklaces and sacred threads, draped in a diaphanous dhoti falling in thin pleats against the lower body, subtly outlining the firm legs and bent left knee, secured with a ribbon knotted to the front, a voluminous shawl falls over the left shoulder, dripping artfully across the thighs and then rising up to wrap around the right arm.Provenance: The Kienzle Family Collection, Stuttgart, Germany. Acquired between 1950 and 1985 by siblings Else (1912-2006), Reinhold (1917-2008), and Dr. Horst Kienzle (1924-2019), during their extensive travels in Asia. Subsequently inherited by Dr. Horst Kienzle and bequeathed to the Museum für Asiatische Kunst, Radevormwald, Germany. Released through museum deaccession in 2024. The Kienzle siblings were avid travelers and passionate collectors of Asian and Islamic art. During their travels, the Kienzle's sought out and explored temples, monasteries, and markets, always trying to find the best pieces wherever they went, investing large sums of money and forging lasting relationships to ensure they could acquire them. Their fervor and success in this pursuit is not only demonstrated by their collection but further recorded in correspondences between Horst Kienzle and several noted dignitaries, businesses and individuals in Nepal and Ladakh. Their collection had gained renown by the 1970s, but the Kienzle's stopped acquiring new pieces around 1985. Almost thirty years later, the collection was moved to the Museum für Asiatische Kunst, Radevormwald, opened by Peter Hardt in 2014. Before his death in 2019, Horst Kienzle bequeathed his entire property to Peter Hardt and legally adopted him as his son, who has been using the name Peter Kienzle-Hardt ever since. Condition: Good condition overall, consistent with age. Visible losses, weathering, and erosion, with areas of encrustation, minor old fills, and stabilized structural fissures and cracks. Scattered chips, nicks, and surface scratches are present throughout. The pattern of surface alteration and the formation of fissures indicate that this torso was likely submerged in or exposed to water for an extended period, contributing to its distinctive texture and patina.Material, source, and geology: Petrographic analysis of the present piece confirms a dolomitic limestone (dolostone), rather than the gray-to-black schist classically associated with Gandharan sculpture. Analysis also reveals surface alteration caused by exposure to acid, a treatment often employed in South Asia during the early to mid-20th century to remove encrustations of soil silicates and metal oxides from excavated stone. Beneath this altered crust, however, are distinct traces of natural weathering, confirming prolonged environmental exposure prior to this intervention. In Gandharan scholarship, carbonate stones have traditionally been described simply as 'limestone', and in general only recent petrographic analysis has distinguished dolomitic limestone as a specific and recurrent material within this broader category. Geological sourcing locates this carbonate stone most plausibly within formations of the nearby Salt Range, such as the Jutana dolostone exposed at Khewra Gorge, Nammal/Sakesar, and Kalabagh, long recognized as ancient quarry zones. Such fine-grained carbonates would have been valued for their smooth surface and capacity to take a high polish, making them well suited to large-scale, highly finished sculpture. Within the Gandharan sculptural economy, major production centers such as Taxila functioned as hubs for the manufacture, finishing, and distribution of monumental Buddhist imagery. Excavated material from Taxila demonstrates that its workshops were capable of producing large figures with sophisticated modeling and deep undercutting, primarily in schist but not exclusively so. Although limestone and dolomitic limestone objects are less common within the Taxilan corpus, their presence indicates that such carbonate stones were also worked within the broader workshop networks supplying the region, possibly using imported material rather than local quarry sources.Limestone and dolomitic limestone have often suffered an unfavorable reputation in Gandharan studies, in part because they weather differently than schist and may appear less crisp after long burial or exposure, leading to assumptions that such works are provincial or of inferior quality. The present monumental torso, however, clearly demonstrates that highly refined carving—including substantial undercutting and nuanced modeling of drapery and anatomy—was entirely achievable in this type of stone. Its technical sophistication challenges the notion that schist was the only medium capable of supporting the full range of Gandharan sculptural ambition, and instead points to a more flexible material economy in which skilled carvers exploited both schist and fine carbonates to comparable artistic effect.German Export License: Ausfuhrgenehmigung Nr. 132/2024, dated 25 June 2025, has been granted. A copy accompanies this lot.Weight: 820 kg (incl. stand) Dimensions: Height 154 cm (excl. stand), 198 cm (incl. stand)Mounted on an associated stand constructed of steel, clad with a black-lacquered wood cover. (2)Expert's note: The lavish decoration of the figure extends to the luxurious jewelry in which the bodhisattva is bedecked. His chest is adorned with a series of necklaces and sacred threads, each based on actual jewelry types that are known from found extant examples: - Closest to his neck is a wide torc decorated with medallions carved in the form of faceted gems and interspersed by strands of pearls. - Over the torc hangs a heavy multi-chain necklace joined at the chest with dragon-head-form clasps, which are in turn connected by another faceted gem. Such necklaces were likely made by joining thousands of small gold loops into larger chains, as evidenced by an example found at Dalverzine-tepe in Uzbekistan, illustrated by C. Woodford Schmidt in “The Sacred and Secular: Jewellery in Buddhist Sculpture in the Northern Kushan Realm,” The Jewels of India, Bombay, 1995, p. 31, fig. 14. - Another multi-strand chain necklace hangs diagonally across his chest, looping over his proper right shoulder. - The final strand of jewelry runs from his proper left shoulder to the right side of his ribcage, and supports small beads and amulet boxes which would have held rolled-up sutras; extant examples of this form can be found in the collection of the British Museum (acc. no. 1880.29).Large figures such as the present example reflect an important religious shift in Gandharan Buddhism from the Nayika (Theravada) school's focus on relics and stupas to Mahayana's emphasis on the veneration of icons in the 3rd century AD. During this time, ateliers transitioned away from carving narrative panels that lined the fa?ade of stupas, towards sculptures of the Buddha and Bodhisattvas that increasingly became the focus of worship.With the rise of Mahayana Buddhism, bodhisattvas took on a new and profound importance in Buddhist worship. While earlier practice had focused on the teachings of the Buddha Shakyamuni, and for the populist masses, worship of the Buddha's relics as enshrined in the stupa, the sutras of Mahayana Buddhism expanded on the role of bodhisattvas as cult deities worthy of worship in their own right. Perhaps the two most important of the bodhisattvas within the new forms of worship were Maitreya, considered to be the Buddha of the Future, and Avalokiteshvara, the Bodhisattva of Compassion.Literature comparison: Compare a closely related torso of a bodhisattva, 163.8 cm high, dated ca. 5th century and described as “probably from the Sahri-Bahlol monastery”, in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, object number 1995.419.Auction result comparison: Type: Closely related Auction: Bonhams Hong Kong, 2 October 2018, lot 6 Price: HKD 2,560,000 or approx. EUR 320,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing : A schist torso of a Bodhisattva, ancient region of Gandhara, circa 4th century Expert remark: Compare the closely related modeling of the stout torso and similar drapery of the garments and layers of jewelry. Note the smaller size (85 cm).Auction result comparison: Type: Closely related Auction: Bonhams Hong Kong, 7 October 2019, lot 913 Price: HKD 1,100,625 or approx. EUR 135,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing : A schist torso of a Bodhisattva, ancient region of Gandhara, 3rd-4th century Expert remark: Compare the closely related modeling of the stout torso and similar drapery of the garments and layers of jewelry. Note the smaller size (80 cm).

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