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A GILT-BRONZE 'PHOENIX' TRIPOD CENSER, 18TH CENTURY OR EARLIER
奥地利
04月16日 下午5点 开拍 /18天21小时
拍品描述 翻译
Expert's note: While Christie's Amsterdam previously dated the present censer to the 18th century, several stylistic and technical considerations point more convincingly to a mid-Ming attribution. The relationship between casting and subsequent surface refinement is particularly telling. The relief ornament is conceived as an integral structural element of the vessel wall and only thereafter sharpened through controled chasing. This measured approach—wherein the vitality of the cast forms is preserved rather than overly reworked—corresponds closely with bronze production of the 15th and 16th centuries. By contrast, many 18th-century examples tend either toward a more formulaic archaism or toward a degree of surface regularity and finish that diminishes the sense of sculptural immediacy found here.The gilding further supports an earlier date. Its tonality is softly modulated rather than uniformly bright, and the surface reveals a natural attenuation consistent with prolonged age and handling. The character of the gilded layer differs materially from the often more homogeneous and technically standardized applications encountered in Qing court production. Taken together, the integration of relief casting and cold work, the compositional restraint of the ornament, and the depth and maturity of the surface patina argue persuasively against an 18th-century dating and instead favor production in the mid-Ming period.China. Heavily cast, the slightly convex cylindrical body reminiscent of a drum supported on three lion-mask paw feet and finely cast in high relief around the sides with a wide band enclosing a pair of phoenixes flying amid swirling clouds, all richly detailed with neat incision work and set against a minutely punched ground. Provenance: Christie's Amsterdam, 21 May 2008, lot 330 (dated to the 18th century). A private collection in Belgium, acquired from the above, and thence by descent. The base with remnants of an old inscription written in black ink. Condition: Very good condition with expected old wear, casting irregularities, traces of use, rubbing and minor losses to the gilt, few light surface scratches. The bronze with a fine, naturally grown patina.Weight: 2.8 kg Dimensions: Diameter 17.5 cm, Height 12.5 cmGilt-bronze censers cast in high relief like the present lot are rare and were produced throughout the Ming and Qing dynasties, with the most celebrated examples created during the Xuande reign. Indeed, from Qing times onward, Chinese scholars have generically referred to all later bronzes as Xuanlu or Xuande lu, that is, as 'Xuan censers' or 'Xuande censers', a testament to the high regard in which such bronzes are held. Bronzes from the Song, Yuan, and early Ming periods typically have decoration integrally cast with the vessel itself, except for those with silver or gold inlays. From the mid-Ming onward, bronzes often relied on cold work (chasing and chiseling after casting)—or a combination of casting and cold work as seen in the present work—for the creation of their decoration. Occasionally used in the early Ming, gilding soared to popularity in the late Ming, whether enlivening an entire vessel or only localized areas. Although sometimes resembling that of Ming bronzes, the decoration of Qing bronzes ranges from archaistic to abstract, from formalistic to naturalistic and even to eclectic. Bronzes of the Yongzheng (1723-1735) and Qianlong (1736-1795) eras reveal a preference for floral designs, archaistic dragons and taotie masks, and dragon-and-phoenix motifs. Auction result comparison: Type: Related Auction: Christie's New York, 14 September 2017, lot 708 Price: USD 81,250 or approx. EUR 90,500 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing : An exceptional large parcel-gilt-bronze tripod censer, Xuande Yuannian mark, corresponding to 1426, Ming dynasty, 15th-17th century Expert remark: Compare the related form, manner of casting, and decoration. Note the larger size (30.5 cm), inscription, and earlier dating.Auction result comparison: Type: Related Auction: Sotheby's Hong Kong, 4 October 2011, lot 1943 Price: HKD 2,420,000 or approx. EUR 386,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing : A rare gilt-bronze 'dragon' censer with handles, mark and period of Xuande Expert remark: Compare the related manner of casting, decoration, and gilding with similar wear. Note the reign mark and earlier dating.

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