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全球拍卖首页 > Galerie Zacke > 亚洲艺术集珍 - 第二天 > Lot 0528
A FAMILLE ROSE EGGSHELL PORCELAIN 'FOUR HORSES' WATER POT, HONGXIAN MARK AND PERIOD, EX-PALMER
奥地利
04月17日 下午5点 开拍 /20天9小时
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COLLECTIONExpert's note:The depiction of four horses is likely intentional. In Chinese tradition, the theme of the Eight Horses of King Mu (Mu Wang ba jun) is a well-known and auspicious subject, symbolizing strength, speed, and imperial authority. When shown in groups of four, such imagery suggests that the object may once have been part of a pair, the two together completing the full set of eight legendary steeds.China, 1916. Finely potted with rounded sides rising from a ring foot, exquisitely painted in bright enamels in green, blue, pink, black and iron-red to depict four horses standing on a riverbank under a pine tree, willow and blossoming cherry tree. The countersunk base with an iron-red four-character mark Hongxian nianzhi.Provenance: H. R. N. Norton, London, September 1936. The Reginald and Lena Palmer Collection, no. 449 (label to base), acquired from the above, thence by descent to their son William A. Palmer, and thence by further descent. With an old typewritten label, 'Mark, “Hung Hsien period made”. Yuan Shih Kai Imperial ware… made only in 1916.' A copy of a page from the Palmer Collection ledger listing the present lot, no. 449, and confirming the provenance and dating above, accompanies this lot. H. R. N. Norton was a London-based dealer and collector of Chinese art in the early 20th century, operating a shop at 46 Museum Street. Beginning his collecting activities before the First World War, he assembled a significant and discerning private collection at a formative moment in Britain's appreciation of East Asian ceramics. Norton was not only a dealer but also a committed patron of public institutions, donating Chinese stoneware and Japanese porcelain to the British Museum. See Roy Davids and Dominic Jellinek, Provenance. Collectors, Dealers & Scholars: Chinese Ceramics in Britain & America, Oxford, 2011, p. 340. Listed as a member of the Oriental Ceramic Society from "Transactions of the Oriental Ceramic Society", vol. 19, 1942-43 to vol 32, 1959-1960. The Reginald and Lena Palmer Collection was one of the most important private European collections of Chinese art during the late 19th and 20th centuries. Reginald Palmer (1898-1970) was the son of W. Howard (1865-1923) and Ada Palmer (1870-1953), and his grandfather established a successful biscuit manufacturing firm known as Huntley & Palmer in 1841, which remained in the family for three generations. The constant commercial success of the firm enabled members of the family to pursue their collective passion for Chinese art. The first pieces of the Palmer Collection were assembled by Reginald's father, Howard, who kept a collection of 17th century Chinese porcelain in their Victorian mansion in Berkshire, where pieces of fine Chinese art had been kept even prior to its acquisition by the Palmer family. Reginald married Lena Cobham (d. 1981) in the 1920s and began collecting Ming and early Qing dynasty domestic porcelain ware, deviating from the taste of his parents who collected primarily export ware. The couple joined the Oriental Ceramic Society in the 1940s, but despite varying trends in the market and changing tastes of collectors, they continued to focus on collecting Ming and early Qing porcelain up until Reginald's death in 1970. Their important and sublime collection was hosted in over ten exhibitions by the OCS. Condition: Excellent condition with only minor wear and minimal firing irregularities, few light surface scratches.Weight: 73 g Dimensions: Height 7.6 cmYuan Shikai (1859-1916) was the first President of the Republic of China and Emperor of the short-lived Empire of China (1915-1916), taking the era name Hongxian. In 1916, Guo Baochang, an antiques dealer with a good relation to the court, was appointed to oversee Hongxian's new imperial porcelain production. The intent from the outset was that the items produced were to be of excellent quality. The biscuit used was very thin, the enamels were sent from the Imperial Workshops and the mark used was a red seal reading Juren Tang zhi. The quality of items produced was reputed to be excellent. Unfortunately, during production, because of the very thin biscuit, many objects were damaged. The remaining few perfect pieces were given to the most favored officials and are exceedingly rare today.Yuan Shikai stepped down as Emperor on 22 March 1916 and resumed his presidency, dying shortly afterwards in June 1916. After his death, production was halted and the kilns were destroyed, but the enamels were stolen by workers who then proceeded to copy the Juren Tang production, marking their pieces Hongxian nianzhi (also Hongxian Yu Chih or Hongxian Yuan Nian), mostly with Kaishu script. The first copies produced were apparently of extremely high quality, as they were still using the imperial biscuit and enamels, but quality fell as the quantity increased and, presumably, the imperial resources were depleted. One opinion has it that Hongxian marked pieces are most likely during the short period from December 1915 to February 1916 when General Yuan Shikai adopted the reign title Hongxian in an attempt to restore the monarchy to China, see the article by Simon Kwan, 'Hongxian Porcelain and the Role of Wang Xiaotang', published in Orientations, October, 1991, pp. 65-70. In particular, the author notes that a batch of the very best Hongxian-marked porcelain wares was most likely indeed produced for Yuan Shikai. It is clear that the porcelain industry was much stimulated at that time and for decades to come, and that pieces of very high quality were made, some of which bear the Hongxian mark while others are marked Juren Tang.Eggshell porcelain refers to a type of extremely thin and delicate porcelain characterized by its lightweight and translucent quality, resembling an eggshell. Although the technique had earlier precedents, eggshell wares were especially prized during the Qing dynasty, particularly under the Yongzheng and Qianlong reigns, when Jingdezhen potters perfected their refinement and luminosity. In the early 20th century, the production of eggshell porcelain was consciously revived under the patronage of Yuan Shikai, who encouraged a return to imperial craftsmanship as part of a broader cultural restoration. Jingdezhen remained the principal center of manufacture, and such wares were highly sought after by Chinese and European collectors alike. In addition to vases, bowls, and tea services, eggshell porcelain was fashioned into small, elegant decorative objects for elite patrons, admired both for their aesthetic delicacy and as a testament to the extraordinary technical skill required to produce porcelain of such remarkable thinness.Auction result comparison: Type: Related Auction: Christie's London, 13 May 2011, lot 1281 Price: GBP 39,650 or approx. EUR 68,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing : A famille rose vase, Hongxian blue enamel four-character mark Expert remark: Compare the related decoration and Hongxian mark (albeit in blue enamel). Note the different form and larger size (20 cm).Auction result comparison: Type: Related Auction: Christie's London, 8 November 2011, lot 418 Price: GBP 10,000 or approx. EUR 17,200 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing : A pair of famille rose bowls, Hongxian iron-red four-character marks and of the period (1915-1916) Expert remark: Compare the related decoration and closely related Hongxian mark. Note the different form and that this lot comprises a pair.

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