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A BRONZE FIGURE OF PARVATI, SPHERE OF THE CHOLA EMPIRE, SOUTHEAST ASIA, 13TH-14TH CENTURY
奥地利
04月17日 下午5点 开拍 /20天1小时
拍品描述 翻译
A BRONZE FIGURE OF PARVATI, SPHERE OF THE CHOLA EMPIRE, SOUTHEAST ASIA, 13TH-14TH CENTURYExpert's note: The Chola Empire was a medieval thalassocrat power based in southern India, ruled by the Chola dynasty, and distinguished by its far-reaching overseas sphere of cultural influence, as well as numerous dominions and protectorates across Southeast Asia. The scale of Chola's power and influence among elites in South, Southeast, and East Asia is evidenced by their expeditions to the Ganges, their naval assaults on cities of the Srivijaya Empire on Sumatra, and their repeated diplomatic embassies to China. At its height, the Chola navy represented the pinnacle of premodern maritime capability. The empire reached its imperial apogee in the late eleventh and early twelfth centuries under Rajaraja I and his successor Rajendra I, whose campaigns against Srivijaya destabilized that long-dominant maritime network and reshaped patterns of trade and political authority across the Indian Ocean, with significant repercussions in maritime Southeast Asia, including Java. Wealth generated through territorial expansion, maritime control, and elite patronage was reinvested in monumental stone temples and exquisite bronze sculptures, achievements that came to define the Chola Empire's cultural production.Chola craftsmen and their followers perfected lost-wax bronze casting all over Southeast Asia at an unprecedented scale and refinement, producing images of remarkable technical precision and expressive vitality, much like the present lot. These works profoundly influenced sculptural traditions in nearby regions such as Sri Lanka, as well as mainland and island Southeast Asia, shaping local artistic idioms in Cambodia, Thailand, Indonesia, and beyond. The present bronze stands as a compelling testament to this far-reaching cultural influence. Its elegant tribhanga pose, and rhythmically articulated treatment of jewelry and drapery closely correspond to a similarly petite Chola-period bronze figure of Parvati (32 cm high) at Christie's Mumbai, 15 December 2015, lot 126, sold for INR 3,500,000 or approx. EUR 32,500 (converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing); see also a related earlier Chola bronze figure of Bhudevi (28.3 cm) at Bonhams New York, 13 March 2017, lot 3097, sold for USD 50,000 or approx. EUR 58,500 (converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing).Standing in elegant tribhanga on a waisted double-lotus base over a stepped plinth with her right hand raised and holding a flower, the left lowered and hanging pendant. Wearing a neatly incised dhoti with the end swinging between her legs, a beaded belt with looped tassels, adorned with multiple necklaces, armbands, and a suvarnavaikakshaka that encircles her torso.Her hair bound by a low crown centered with a matching foliate motif on her upper armbands, with locks covering the back of her neck and a few adorned with lotus buds draped across her shoulders. The face slightly tilted with a graceful expression, surmounted by a tall jatamukata.Provenance: From the private collection of Darwin Freeman, collected between 1968 and 1971, and thence by descent within the same family. Born 1946 in Idaho, United States, Darwin Freeman was a member of the armed forces and later became an avid collector. He met his wife in the mid-1960s, and the pair later relocated to her hometown of Innsbruck, Austria. In 1967, Freeman was drafted into the US Army and served in Germany and Thailand. While he was stationed at the Embassy in Bangkok, between 1969 and 1971, he actively began engaging in the exploration and collection of ancient bronzes and other works of art. Upon completing his duty, Freeman arranged for his collection to be shipped to Austria, where it remained in storage until this day. Condition: Very good condition with ancient wear and expected casting irregularities. Traces of weathering, encrustations, small losses, dents and nicks. The bronze with a rich, naturally grown, lustrous patina with vibrant malachite encrustations.Weight: 949.6 g Dimensions: Height 25 cm

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