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A WOOD MANUSCRIPT COVER WITH BUDDHA SHAKYAMUNI, TIBET, 14TH-15TH CENTURY
奥地利
04月17日 下午5点 开拍 /20天11小时
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A WOOD MANUSCRIPT COVER WITH BUDDHA SHAKYAMUNI, TIBET, 14TH-15TH CENTURYFinely carved in deep relief with Buddha Shakyamuni seated at the center in dhyanasana, his right hand lowered in bhumisparsha mudra. He is flanked by Shadakshari and Prajnaparamita, each seated on lotus thrones with hands joined in devotion. All three figures appear beneath foliate mandorlas and stepped thrones guarded by mythical lions.The triad is surrounded by a dense sacred retinue: disciples, preaching Buddhas, bodhisattvas, and protectors. Above Shadakshari appears Manjushri with raised sword, while Prajnaparamita is attended by standing figures and additional seated Buddhas. Tiered registers filled with Buddhas, luohan, female deities, and wrathful guardians frame the composition, with the Four Guardian Kings marking the cardinal points within beaded and foliate borders.Provenance: From a private collection in southern Germany, assembled from 1970 to 1985, thence by direct descent.Condition: Good condition with expected wear, old chips to edges, small losses, light surface scratches mostly to back, minute nicks. The wood with a rich, naturally grown, dark patina.Weight: 1,037 gDimensions: Length 48.5 cmThe reverse fitted with three metal loops for suspension.The art of writing and making books was brought to Tibet from India in the seventh century when Tibet fervently embraced Buddhism as its new religion. According to Tibetan historical records, it was Srongtsan Gampo's gifted minister Thonmi Sambhota who devised the Tibetan script and grammar. He is said to have been sent to India to learn Sanskrit and to produce the Tibetan writing system based on the Indian script current at that time. Prior to becoming a Buddhist country, Tibet had no script of its own.Prior to the introduction of paper, the material used for recording texts in ancient India consisted mainly of either palm leaves or the bark of the birch tree. The shape of palm leaves seems to have determined the format of manuscripts, because even when paper was introduced it was cut into similar rectangular sheets of varied sizes depending on the requirements. This specific format of manuscripts was inherited by the Tibetans. Average size manuscripts were about sixty centimeters wide and ten to fifteen centimeters high. The leaves of individual manuscripts were not bound together but fastened with a string or wrapped in pieces of cloth, and each leaf was numbered and inscribed with a short title of the text, while the images carved on the manuscript covers usually represented the chief deities or heroes of the texts within the covers.Tibetans embarked on the monumental task of translating Indian Buddhist scriptures into their own language during the period known as the Chidar, in the late tenth century, once the Tibetan writing systems imported from India, together with their methods of preservation and dissemination, had been established. Thousands of Sanskrit works were rendered into Tibetan, much of this effort unfolding in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. Painted wooden manuscript covers from this period attest to the meticulous care and profound reverence with which Tibetans safeguarded their sacred texts.Literature comparison:Compare a closely related carved cover of a Prajnaparamita manuscript, Tibet, 16th century, 64.8 cm long, in the Norton Simon Museum, Pasadena, California, accession number M.2010.1.186.S. Compare a closely related manuscript cover depicting Buddha Vajradhara with the 84 Mahasiddhas, Tibet, 14th century, sold at Sotheby's New York, September 1997, and illustrated on Himalayan Art Resources, item number 11002.Auction result comparison: Type: Closely related Auction: Christie's New York, 22 March 2004, lot 72 Price: USD 22,705 or approx. EUR 33,500 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing : A carved wood manuscript cover, Tibet, 15th century Expert remark: Compare the closely related form, manner of carving, and composition. Note the larger size (73 cm).

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