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A LARGE AND MASSIVE 'LUDUAN' BRONZE CENSER AND COVER, LATE MING DYNASTY
奥地利
04月17日 下午5点 开拍 /20天7小时
拍品描述 翻译
China, 17th century. Heavily cast, the beast stands foursquare atop the coiled body of a serpent, its scales minutely incised in tight, dense rows. The luduan wears a collar suspending a double-gourd and is further adorned with locks of hair in high relief. Its rotund body is embellished with swirling motifs and ruyi-shaped clouds along the flanks. The separately cast head is raised in a fierce expression, defined by bulging eyes, a pronounced snout, scrolling brows and mane, and pendulous ears framing a tall horn shaped as a lingzhi fungus. Note also the neatly incised lambent flames encircling the beast's mouth. (2)Provenance: From a private collection in United Kingdom.Condition: Very good condition with expected ancient wear, traces of use, casting irregularities, few small losses, minute nicks and shallow surface scratches. Scattered remnants of gilt. The bronze with a fine, naturally grown, dark patina.Weight: 4,306 gDimensions: Height 31.7 cmThe throne of the Emperor of China in the Hall of Supreme Harmony in the Forbidden City in Beijing has two incense burners shaped as 'luduan', the legendary auspicious creatures who can travel 18,000 li (9,000 km) in a single day and speak all world languages. A legend says that a 'luduan' once appeared to Genghis Khan and convinced him to abandon his efforts to conquer India.'Luduan' are mythical creatures with strong lion bodies, a single horn and the paws of a bear. They are believed to have the ability to foretell the future, give life to the good, and kill the evil. According to legend, they were originally known as 'jiaoduan', and their name changed to 'luduan' because the character for 'lu' matched their appearance better. Known as guardians of enlightened rulers, 'luduan' were said to appear in areas where a wise and virtuous leader was present.The auspicious nature of 'luduan' was particularly appropriate for the purpose of these censers. Cast with hinged or removable heads, they were made for burning incense and smoke would emerge from the mouth of the beast, animating and empowering the sculpture. As Chuimei Ho and Bennet Bronson note in their discussion of a pair of Qianlong cloisonné enamel examples from the Palace Museum, Beijing, included in the exhibition 'Splendors of China's Forbidden City. The Glorious Reign of Emperor Qianlong' by The Field Museum, Chicago, 2004, these burners were traditionally valued at the Imperial Court, as with their open mouths and smoke billowing forth, they were a reminder to the emperor that he should always be receptive to honest advice (see p. 37).The origin of incense burners of this form is difficult to determine. An example attributed to the Song dynasty was recovered from the Ming dynasty tomb of the scholar-official Zhang Shupei (1552-1615) in Tonglian, Sichuan (Wenwu, 1989, no. 7, p. 45-46, fig. 14-16). Mythical beast incense burners, however, became a popular model only from the Xuande period onwards. A censer in the form of a mythological animal was included in the painting 'Enjoying Antiquities' by Du Jin (c. 1467-1505), where two scholars are depicted scrutinizing a selection of antiquities (illustrated in Through the Prism of the Past. Antiquarian Trends in Chinese Art of the 16th to 18th century, National Palace Museum, Taipei, 2003, no. I-44). A drawing of a similar beast is also published in the Shizu zhai jian pu [Ten Bamboo Studio Catalogue of Letter Paper Designs], a woodblock printed book of stationery papers from 1645, compiled by Hu Zhengyan and illustrated in Ip Yee and Laurence C.S. Tam, Chinese Bamboo Carving, vol. 1, 1978, p. 179, fig. 15. Its popularity continued well into the Kangxi reign, when censers of this form were made in a variety of media, including porcelain, cloisonné enamel, and bronze.Auction result comparison: Type: Closely related Auction: Christie's Hong Kong, 3 June 2015, lot 2870 Price: HKD 275,000 or approx. EUR 36,500 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing : A bronze luduan-form censer and cover, late Ming Dynasty, 17th century Expert remark: Compare the closely related form, manner of casting, and decoration. Note the size (23 cm).Auction result comparison: Type: Closely related Auction: Christie's Paris, 20 June 2017, lot 102 Price: EUR 11,250 or approx. EUR 15,500 adjusted for inflation at the time of writing : A bronze 'luduan' censer and cover, 17th century Expert remark: Compare the closely related form, manner of casting, and decorative style. Note the size (23 cm).

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