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A BRONZE FIGURE OF BUDDHA VAIROCANA ON A LION THRONE, SWAT VALLEY, 7TH CENTURY
奥地利
06月30日 下午5点 开拍 /9天3小时
拍品描述 翻译
Depicted in the sambhogakaya form, Vairocana holds his hands in the bodhyagri mudra while seated atop a pedestal supported by two Buddhist lions, standing on a double lotus base. His sanghati falls over his legs in finely incised rhythmic folds. His face is serene, with almond-shaped eyes beneath arched eyebrows and full lips forming a calm smile, flanked by long pendulous earlobes adorned with large earrings. The hair is arranged in tight curls and surmounted by an ornate crown.Provenance: La Balaustra Antichità, Arte Archeologia classica orientale e precolombiana, 1999, Bologna, Italy. Collection of Paolo Bertuzzi, acquired from the above. A copy of a stamped certificate written by Giuliana Zanetti of Antichità La Balaustra, addressed to Paolo Bertuzzi, dated 2 June 1999, attributing the present lot to Swat Valley and dating it to the 6-7th century, and confirming the provenance above, accompanies this lot. Paolo Bertuzzi (1943-2022) was a fashion stylist from Bologna. He was the son of Enrichetta Bertuzzi, founder of Hettabretz, a noted Italian fashion company with customers such as the Rothschild family, Audrey Hepburn, and Elizabeth Taylor. Paolo Bertuzzi later took over his mother's business and designed exclusive pieces, some of which were exhibited in the Costume Institute of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, USA. He was also an avid collector of antiques for more than sixty years. His collection includes both archaic and contemporary art, and he edited two important books about Asian art, Goa Made - An Archaeological Discovery, about a large-scale archaeological project carried out with the Italian and Indonesian governments, and Majapahit, Masterpieces from a Forgotten Kingdom.Condition: Good condition with expected wear, encrustations, light warping and small dents, few small losses. The bronze with a rich, naturally grown patina with malachite and cuprite encrustations.Weigt: 1,001 gDimensions: Height 17.5 cmThe Swat Valley is located along the upper stream of the Indus in the heartland of the Gandhara region. It was a melting pot of various people and arts and served as a link between India and Central Asia and further eastwards for a constant flow of Buddhist pilgrims. The earlier Gandhara style is still echoed in the art of many icons of the Swat Valley, as visible in the present example. The figure's parallel folds as well as the protuberance on top of his head, can be traced back to Gandhara Buddha figures. His face reflects a Gupta idiom, with its small mouth and incised eyebrows. The lotus base on which he sits is typical for Swat Valley images. Thus, this fine bronze Buddha figure perfectly embodies the aforementioned melting pot of various styles.The iconography of the crowned Buddha Vairocana has been a subject of dispute amongst scholars due to the lack of clear lines of interpretation within the imagery. Many conclude the crown is intended to denote Sakyamuni as a cakravartin or universal Buddha while some suggest it represents a sambhogakaya Buddha in Mahayana Buddhism. In her 2018 article Images of the Crowned Buddha along the Silk Road, Rebecca Twist examines the iconography of Silk Road crowned Buddhas and concludes the recurring evidence points to the crowned Buddha as sambhogakaya as an early esoteric meditational construct. Many of the Buddha Vairocana that Twist examines are closely related to the present lot. According to Twist, these similar figures which appear from various locations along the Silk Road “demonstrate a systematic form of transmission and religious syncretism in both iconography and ideology.” The present lot is a part of the clear pattern of deliberate core iconographic elements which recur in crowned Buddha Vairocana figures along the Silk Road. These elements included the sambhogakaya form, the embodiment of dharmakaya, the bodhyagrimudra, and the similarly styled crown.Auction result comparison: Type: Closely related Auction: Bonhams Paris, 14 June 2022, lot 19 Price: EUR 151,575 or approx. EUR 166,000 adjusted for inflation at the time of writing : A copper alloy figure of Maitreya, Swat valley, circa 7th century Expert remark: Compare the closely related modeling and casting manner with similar pose, throne and size (19.8 cm). Note different subject.Auction result comparison: Type: Closely related Auction: Bonhams New York, 19 March 2018, lot 3009 Estimate: USD 450,000 or approx. EUR 510,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing : A silver inlaid copper alloy figure of Vairocana, Swat Valley, 8th/9th century Expert remark: Compare the closely related modeling and casting manner with similar pose, crown and garments, lions, and size (17.8 cm). Note the silver inlays.

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