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A FINE AND RARE BRONZE FIGURE OF THE ENTHRONED BUDDHA, CENTRAL JAVA, 9TH-10TH CENTURY
奥地利
06月30日 下午5点 开拍 /9天1小时
拍品描述 翻译
A FINE AND RARE BRONZE FIGURE OF THE ENTHRONED BUDDHA, CENTRAL JAVA, 9TH-10TH CENTURYIndonesia. Finely cast seated in bhadrasana atop a tiered throne, his extended feet resting atop a double lotus dais, the hands held in dharmachakra mudra, wearing a diaphanous sanghati gracefully draped over his left shoulder. His serene face with heavy-lidded eyes, and full lips, flanked by elongated ears. The hair arranged in tight curls over the domed ushnisha and backed by a halo with a pointed top.Provenance: Daniel Milano, Paris, France, 2003. Collection of Paolo Bertuzzi, acquired from the above. A copy of a stamped certificate from D Milano, dated 20 September 2003 and confirming the dating above, accompanies this lot. Paolo Bertuzzi (1943-2022) was a fashion stylist from Bologna, Italy. He was the son of Enrichetta Bertuzzi, founder of Hettabretz, a noted Italian fashion company with customers such as the Rothschild family, Audrey Hepburn, and Elizabeth Taylor. Paolo Bertuzzi later took over his mother's business and designed exclusive pieces, some of which were exhibited in the Costume Institute of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, USA. He was also an avid collector of antiques for more than sixty years. His collection includes both archaic and contemporary art, and he edited two important books about Asian art, Goa Made - An Archaeological Discovery, about a large-scale archaeological project carried out with the Italian and Indonesian governments, and Majapahit, Masterpieces from a Forgotten Kingdom.Condition: Good condition with expected wear, scattered nicks and scratches, small losses. The bronze with a rich, naturally grown patina with vibrant malachite encrustations.Weight 2,458 gDimensions: Height 19.5 cm There is a large variability of identifications of such Buddhas in bhadrasana in the work of previous scholars, especially art historians. Maria-George Bourda was the first to warn against a certain number of misconceptions regarding this posture which, for many decades, scholars tended to assign exclusively to Maitreya. A more careful examination indeed heavily undermines this fragile identification. There are numerous examples in India where Buddhas in bhadrasana represent various moments in the life of Shakyamuni, prominently the preaching of the First Sermon at Sarnath. This episode is magnificently captured in a famous sculpture found today in the British Museum.Another clue may be provided by the Buddhas found in the narrow sanctuaries and caves of Maharashtra, western India, which may reflect esoteric concepts. On many occasions, these Buddhas are arranged as the central figure in triads and are surrounded by two standing Bodhisattvas. Over and over again, the central Buddha is seated in bhadrasana, and displays the dharmachakra mudra. In a ground-breaking article published in 1981, John Huntington (1981), attempted to identify the Buddha of the main shrine in cave 6 at Aurangabad, seated in the same posture, with the Jina Vairocana flanked by Padmapa?i and Vajrapa?i, as explained in the garbhadhatuma??ala of the “Mahavairocanasutra” i.e. the Vairocanabhisa?bodhi. The similar iconographic program of the contiguous cave 7 would, according to the same author, be devoted to the vajradhatumandala as developed in the Sarvatathagatatattvasa?graha. For Huntington, in fact, most related Buddhas in the western caves of Maharashtra would reflect not only Vairocana but also at the same time Maitreya, who is reported by him to be the scion of the 'Buddha family' in several iconographic systems of the Shingon tradition. Huntington's working hypothesis, however, remains unproven and largely speculative.From this brief iconological survey, it appears that the posture under study is not exclusively reserved for one Buddha or another. Positive identification of such Buddhas in bhadrasana remains problematic, therefore, unless backed by inscriptions. Indeed, Vairocana preaching the universal truth on top of Mount Meru, like Maitreya governing the future realm of Ketumati on earth, can be iconographically identical to Shakyamuni in the scene of the First Sermon at Sarnath. After all, any Buddha (as well as Jina or Tathagata for that purpose) remains a Buddha, conveying the ideals of his special characteristics (laksana), no matter whether he is a figure of the past, the present, or the future, historical or transcendental. But perhaps there is also an intentional plurality of meaning, allowing for various exoteric and esoteric interpretations.For further information, see Griffiths Arlo, Revire Nicolas, Sanyal Rajat, 'An Inscribed Bronze Sculpture of a Buddha in bhadrāsana at Museum Ranggawarsita in Semarang (Central Java, Indonesia)', Arts Asiatiques, tome 68, 2013, pp. 3-26.Literature comparison: Compare a closely related Central Javanese bronze figure of the enthroned Buddha, 11.5 cm high, dated 8th-9th century, in the Wereldmuseum Leiden, inventory number 1403-2845. Compare a closely related Central Javanese bronze figure of the enthroned Buddha, dated circa 8th century, in the Tokyo National Museum, collection reference number TC-746. Compare a related Javanese bronze figure of Buddha with a pointed halo and similar lotus dais, 20.2 cm high, dated to the 9th century, in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, object number 1987.142.158.Auction result comparison: Type: Closely related Auction: Zacke Vienna, 10 April 2025, lot 261 Price: EUR 7,800 : A fine and rare bronze figure of the enthroned Buddha, Central Java, late 8th-mid 9th century Expert remark: Compare the closely related subject, pose, tiered throne, and curls of the hair. Note the smaller size (14.4 cm), missing halo and slightly earlier date.Auction result comparison: Type: Related Auction: Christie's New York, 21 March 2007, lot 292 Price: USD 28,800 or approx. EUR 40,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing : A rare bronze figure of a Bodhisattva, Indonesia, Eastern java, Nganjuk, last quarter 10th/first half 11th century Expert remark: Compare the related modeling and manner of casting with similar halo and lotus petals of the base. Note the different subject.

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