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A VERY LARGE (160 CM) IRON CURRENCY BLADE, LIGANDA, TOPOKE, CIRCA 1900
奥地利
06月30日 下午5点 开拍 /9天3小时
拍品描述 翻译
A VERY LARGE (160 CM) IRON CURRENCY BLADE, LIGANDA, TOPOKE, CIRCA 1900External Expert Authentication: This lot was authenticated by Prof. Erwin Melchardt, who confirms the attribution and dating above. A copy of Prof. Melchardt's expertise written for Dorotheum, Vienna, 9 June 2016, lot 159, accompanies this lot. Erwin Melchardt is an Austrian journalist, art critic, and internationally recognized expert in non-European art, particularly African and Oceanic art. A passionate collector with a collection of around 4,000 objects, he became one of Austria's leading specialists in the field. His work includes sourcing, authenticating, valuing, and cataloguing objects for international auctions, as well as lecturing on non-European art at the University of Applied Arts Vienna. He also compiled the catalog of the Leopold Museum's collection of African and Oceanic works, contributing to research and exhibitions exploring the relationship between European modernism and non-European artistic traditions.Democratic Republic of the Congo, late 19th to early 20th century. Forged from multiple iron fragments, forming a symmetrical spearhead of substantial size, with subtle ribbing along both edges on either face, following the contour of the blade, and an additional spur projecting from the lower edge.Provenance: The collection of Inge Bienenstein, Vienna, Austria, thence by descent within the family. Ingeborg Bienenstein (d. 2013) was the founder and director of Bienenstein Gallery, which she started in 1978 in Vienna, Austria. The gallery held several exhibitions each year, displaying fine antiques and works of art from Asia, Africa, and Oceania in context with modern art and design from Europe. This approach aimed at showcasing a universal language of art and the fact that art from all around the world can be connected in a meaningful way.Condition: Very good condition with old surface wear and expected manufacturing irregularities. Typical traces of weathering and corrosion.Weight: 1.1 kg (excl. stand), 2.5 kg (incl. stand)Dimensions: Length 160.3 cm (excl. stand), 162.5 cm (incl. stand)African rulers, warriors, farmers, and other patrons of the blacksmith art esteemed smiths as masters of transformation. Forged and ornamented ironwork held high value and appeared in prominent display, while technical virtuosity in metalworking became closely associated with concepts of wealth and prestige. Blades and weapons also functioned as forms of currency, with edges intentionally blunted and dimensions modified for ceremonial and transactional use.These blades were employed by various tribal groups associated with the Lombo, So, and Poke peoples, all of whom belong to the Kele language family and have been referred to since the twentieth century as the Turumba and Topoke in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. They functioned as a form of currency and were used to conclude a range of significant transactions, including land agreements, until around 1920. According to Ginzberg, at one time twenty to thirty such blades would have sufficed to purchase a bride. See Marc Ginzeberg, African Forms: The Traditional Design and Function of Objects, 2000, p. 193.Metal currencies in Africa long predate the introduction of minted coinage and often took the form of enlarged representations of familiar utilitarian objects, such as the oversized spearheads of the Topoke, or the hoe-blade-shaped currency used by the Afo and Angas peoples of the Benue River basin. In some cases, the progressive increase in the size of such objects may be interpreted as a form of monetary inflation.Literature comparison:Compare a closely related Topoke iron currency blade, 173.5 cm long, in the British Museum, registration number Af1910,1027.22 (accessioned in 1910). Compare a closely related Turumbu iron currency blade, dated 19th century, 170.1 cm long, in the National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution, accession number 1992.0406.0001.

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