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A GROUP OF FOUR TSAKLI (INITIATION CARDS), TIBET, CIRCA 18TH-19TH CENTURY
奥地利
06月30日 下午5点 开拍 /9天3小时
拍品描述 翻译
A GROUP OF FOUR TSAKLI (INITIATION CARDS), TIBET, CIRCA 18TH-19TH CENTURYDistemper on cloth. The first depicting the Five Foremost Deities; the second depicting the Eleven-headed, Thousand-Armed Avalokiteshvara; the third depicting King Gesar on a blue horse, a big cloud of dust in the back; and the fourth depicting the Tibetan Buddhist deity Begtse Chen, one of the fierce protective deities (dharmapalas). (4)Provenance: From a private collection in France. Condition: Good condition with expected wear, mostly minor creasing, occasional small losses to edges, minor flaking to pigments, few stains, some with remnants of previous mountings.Dimensions: Size 14.3 x 11.5 cm - 19 x 13.5 cmInitiation cards, also known as tsakli or tsakali, were sets of Buddhist or Bon ritual images used in initiation ceremonies. These ceremonies constituted a ritualized introduction to meditative practice, typically involving figurative visualization and formulaic recitation. The cards functioned as a visual synopsis of daily or otherwise regular practice. They were most often drawn or painted on paper, though sometimes on cloth, and sets could range in size from a single card to several hundred. While inscriptions were almost always present on the reverse, even if only in the form of numbering, some examples also bear writing on the front. The order of the cards was of central importance. Although they were not created as decorative objects, some sets display remarkable artistry in their execution. Tsakli are recorded in the Tanjur, the Buddhist canon of treatises and commentaries, and were first described in the eleventh century by the monk Anandagarbha. He referred to the 'tsakli of the body' in connection with the physical manifestation of a deity and its role as a visual aid in meditation. Tsakli were associated with several ritual functions: initiation and empowerment rites; the consecration of images or the marking and protection of a temple; serving as substitutes for deities or ritual implements; providing protection as amulets; and supporting meditative practices that invoke deities.According to the Bon religion, the Five Gods of the Head are born with each and every human being. They are located on the four sides of the head and above. It is believed that the Five Gods are born with and accompany each individual human on their life journey. They function as private Gods governing health, wealth, luck and good fortune for each person. This belief system is indigenous to Tibet, Mongolia and Central Asia and the Five Gods are tolerated in Buddhism and some small ritual offering texts can be found. The Bon religion presents a richer understanding of the Five Gods along with marriage ceremonies incorporating the Five as necessary elements.One prominent Buddhist story tells of Avalokiteshvara vowing never to rest until he had freed all sentient beings from samsara. Despite strenuous effort, he realizes that many unhappy beings were yet to be saved. After struggling to comprehend the needs of so many, his head split into eleven pieces. Amitabha, seeing his plight, gives him eleven heads with which to hear the cries of the suffering. Upon hearing these cries and comprehending them, Avalokiteshvara tries to reach out to all those who needed aid but found that his two arms were shattered into pieces. Once more, Amitabha comes to his aid and invests him with a thousand arms with which to aid the suffering multitudes.Begtse Chen is one of the main protectors of the Gelug School of Tibetan Buddhism. He is highly revered in Mongolia and is the main protective deity associated with the Hayagriva cycle of Tantric meditation practices. Popularized by Marpa Lotsawa (1012-1096) and Sachen Kunga Nyingpo (1092-1158) respectively, the founders of the Kagyu and Sakya traditions of Tibetan Buddhism. He is also known as the Red Mahakala and highly revered within the Sakya pantheon of protective deities, and later incorporated in the Gelug School of Tsongkhapa.Auction result comparison: Type: RelatedAuction: Christie's New York, 20 March 2008, lot 402Price: USD 2,000 or approx. EUR 2,700 (for two) converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing: Two tsakli, Tibet, 19th centuryExpert remark: Note the size (14 x 10.8 cm).Auction result comparison: Type: RelatedAuction: Christie's New York, 20 March 2009, lot 1421Price: USD 4,000 or approx. EUR 5,400 (for ten) converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing: Ten Tsaklis depicting various forms of Tara, Tibet, c. 18th-19th centuryExpert remark: Note the size (13.3 x 11.2 cm).

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