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全球拍卖首页 > Galerie Zacke > Gert Chesi - Völker 博物館創辦人收藏 > Lot 19
AN IMPORTANT AND LARGE BENIN BRONZE OSUN HEAD, CIRCA 18TH CENTURY
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09月11日 晚上8点 开拍 / 09月09日 下午3点 截止委托
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AN IMPORTANT AND LARGE BENIN BRONZE OSUN HEAD, CIRCA 18TH CENTURY This lot is from a single owner collection and is therefore offered without reserve Scientific Analysis Report: A thermoluminescence analysis report issued by Laboratory Kotalla on 28 April 1997, based on sample number 970431, sets the manufacturing date of both samples taken to be 550 years +/-70 years ago, consistent with the dating above. A copy of the report accompanies this lot. The TL result of approximately 550 years should be understood as an indication of antiquity rather than a precise date. In bronze sculpture, TL analysis dates the sampled clay core, not the metal itself, and may be affected by residual older signal, contamination, restoration, or dose-rate assumptions. This is especially relevant for older TL tests from the 1990s, which can produce an apparently earlier date than the object’s art-historical dating. Alloy Composition Report: A metallurgical analysis report issued by Aventis – Research & Technologies on 17 August 1998, sample number ND 764, sets the alloy date of the sample taken to the 16 th century, consistent with the dating above. The alloy analytics report indicates an alloy composition of 74% copper, 18% zinc, 0.37% nickel, 3.9% lead, 3.0% tin, <0.03% arsenic, <0.08% antimony, <0.03% cadmium. A copy of the report accompanies this lot. Kingdom of Benin. Finely cast, the head with naturalistic facial features, wide eyes with iron-inlaid pupils below six raised scarification marks, centered by a braided strand of hair suspending a lozenge bead, the cupid-bow lips pursed and gently ajar famed by two frogs which are eaten by the snakes that emerge from the inner corner of the eyes. Another pair of snakes stem from the nostrils and curl towards the temples devouring frogs. The head is surmounted by four birds standing on the cover of a medicine pot above thunder stones. Provenance: René David, Galerie Walu, Zurich, by 1997. Professor Gert Chesi, acquired from the above for the Museum der V?lker (formerly Haus der V?lker, Museum für Kunst und Ethnographie), Schwaz, Tyrol, Austria, and subsequently de-accessed. A copy of a Memorandum of Understanding between the National Commission for Museums and Monuments and Galerie Walu, signed by the museum’s Director General and Chief Executive Dr. Omotoso Eluyemi and the gallery’s owner René David, dated 4 May 2001, confirming that the present lot is not a prohibited object under Nigerian law , accompanies the lot. Dr. Omotoso Eluyemi (1939-2006) was born in Ife and became the first Yoruba scholar to earn a Ph.D. in archaeology, at the Academy of Sciences, Moscow, in 1979. He served as Curator in the Federal Department of Antiquities, Lagos in 1969-70, and later pioneered archaeological studies at Obafemi Awolowo University, founding its Department of Archaeology in 1984 and serving as its Chair until 1989. A member of the World Archaeological Congress and long-standing Editorial Board member of the West African Journal of Archaeology, he later established the Center for Yoruba Cultural Studies and Elusope Temple of Deities. In 2000, he was appointed by President Olusegun Obasanjo to head the National Commission for Museums and Monuments. Galerie Walu is a Swiss family gallery devoted to traditional African art, particularly the cultures of West Africa, with roots going back to 1957. Its defining figure was René David (1928-2015), a traveler, dealer, and connoisseur whose repeated journeys to Mali, Cameroon, the Congo, C?te d’Ivoire, Ghana, and other regions shaped both the gallery’s collections and its reputation. Together with Denise David, he later established Galerie Walu on R?mistrasse in Zurich, where it became an important meeting place for collectors and scholars of African art, known for carefully selected works, rigorous documentation, and a strong commitment to cultural context. Their son, Jean David, continued the family business and further developed Galerie Walu’s role as a respected specialist gallery for African and tribal art. By the 1990s, Galerie Walu was widely recognized for its exhibitions, publications, and expertise in the field. Gert Chesi (b. 1940) is an Austrian photographer, author, and art collector. In 1995, Chesi founded the Museum der V?lker (formerly Haus der V?lker, Museum für Kunst und Ethnographie), Schwaz, Tyrol, Austria, a museum of art and ethnography whose collection consists mainly of objects acquired during Chesi’s travels through Africa and Asia, most of which were assembled in the 1990s and early 2000s. He also authored several books on African voodoo and magic rituals, including ‘Voodoo. Afrikas geheime Macht’ (1987) and ‘Die letzten Afrikaner’ (1977). Condition: Good condition with expected wear, casting irregularities, small losses, few thin cracks, small dents, and tiny nicks. Small holes from sample taking. Weight: 3.6 kg Dimensions: Height 40.3 cm This magnificent bronze head was used in the worship of Osun, the deity whose power is associated with forest leaves and roots employed by herbalists and priests for healing, protection, and, when necessary, destruction. The head is adorned with representations of frogs, snakes, and birds, symbolizing the mystical and magical aspects of kingship and the occult powers of the Oba. Four birds surmount the head, reminiscent of those depicted atop the palace, and are connected to the night and the bush, evoking protective and prophetic powers. Snakes emerging from the nostrils are interpreted as Osun’s warriors, embodying the Oba’s ability to vanquish enemies, while the thunder-stones on the forehead allude to lightning and its destructive potency. Literature comparison: Compare a closely related later Benin brass Osun head, dated 18 th century, 27.5 cm tall, sold at Sotheby’s London, 13 April 1948, lot 235, and now in the British Museum, registration number Af1948,09.1. Compare a closely related later Benin bronze portrait head of an Oba, dated 18 th century, exhibited at the Residenza Universitaria Biomedica, Pavia, 1 December 2017-24 February 2018.

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