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A SILVER-INLAID AND LACQUERED BRONZE ‘PHOENIX AND HORSES’ MIRROR, TANG DYNASTY
奥地利
10月15日 下午5点 开拍 /13天15小时
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拍品描述 翻译
A SILVER-INLAID AND LACQUERED BRONZE ‘PHOENIX AND HORSES’ MIRROR, TANG DYNASTY

China, 618-907. Skillfully cast, of square form with rounded corners and raised borders on the reverse, centered by a domed knob and surrounded by silver-inlaid pairs of majestic phoenixes and galloping horses intertwined with luxuriant scrolling foliage and blossoming flower heads, all emerging against a dark lacquer ground. The front of the mirror left undecorated and superbly polished to form its reflective surface.

Provenance: From the private collection of Alan and Simone Hartman, New York. Alan Hartman (1930-2023) was an influential American art dealer, who took over his parents’ antique business in Manhattan and established the legendary Rare Art Gallery on Madison Avenue, with further locations in Dallas and Palm Beach. His wife Simone (née Horowitz) already served as assistant manager of the New York gallery before the couple married in 1975, and together they built a renowned collection for over half a century and became noted art patrons, enriching the collections of important museums including the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (which opened the Alan and Simone Hartman Galleries in 2013) as well as the Metropolitan Museum of Art and Brooklyn Museum in New York. Alan Hartman has been described as the greatest antiques dealer of our generation, and was widely recognized as a world authority in Chinese jade, bronzes, and Asian works of art.
Condition: Very good condition, with expected wear, casting irregularities, traces of weathering and corrosion, signs of prolonged burial, one minor loss to the lacquer, light tarnishing to silver, and small dents. The bronze with a fine, naturally grown, dark patina with vibrant malachite encrustations.

Weight: 411.2 g
Dimensions: Length 15.9 cm

In the Tang dynasty, the ancient art of mirror production flourished with the introduction of new designs and techniques. One novel technique known as jinyin pingtuo developed in the 8th century and involved coating the back of the bronze mirror with lacquer and embellishing the colored surface with motifs inlaid in gold, silver, or mother-of-pearl. Luxury items like the present lot were used by the Tang emperor as diplomatic gifts, and the present mirror is an elegant example of this type, ornamented with silver phoenixes and horses against a dark lacquer ground.

The term ‘jinyin’ refers to gold and silver, while ‘pingtuo’ describes a process by which the inlaid decoration is leveled with the surrounding surface and subsequently revealed. The technique was not confined to bronze mirrors but could also be applied to objects made of metal, ceramic, or wood. Although ‘jinyin pingtuo’ and objects decorated in this manner are mentioned in Tang-dynasty texts and are known from archaeological finds as well as examples preserved in museum and private collections, no contemporary account of the materials or manufacturing process appears to survive.

The production process has been reconstructed as follows: relatively thick sheets of gold and silver were cut into the desired shapes and applied to a lacquered surface. Further layers of lacquer were then added until the metal decoration was completely concealed. Once dry, the surface was carefully polished or burnished to expose the metal inlays and bring them level with the surrounding lacquer. The technique was exceptionally labor-intensive and costly. Its use was eventually restricted by the government, and it appears to have disappeared after the tenth century.

Literature comparison:
Compare a closely related silver-inlaid bronze mirror, dated Tang dynasty, 13.4 cm long, in the Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Asian Art, accession number S2012.9.2314. Compare a closely related silver-inlaid bronze mirror, where the lacquer ground has deteriorated, dated 8th century, 27.9 cm diameter, in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, object number 22.157.12. Compare a related gold- and silver-inlaid bronze mirror, dated 8th century, 19.2 cm diameter, in the Cleveland Museum of Art, accession number 1973.74. Compare a related mother-of-pearl-inlaid bronze mirror, dated 8th-9th century, 29.2 cm diameter, in the British Museum, registration number 1933,1027.1.

Auction result comparison:
Type: Related
Auction: Christie’s New York, 18 March 2009, lot 240
Price: USD 62,500 or approx. EUR 85,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing
Description: A rare gold, silver and lacquer-decorated bronze octalobed mirror, Tang dynasty, 8th century
Expert remark: Compare the related manner of casting, decoration, and motifs. Note the gold inlays and the size (22 cm).

Auction result comparison:
Type: Related
Auction: Bonhams New York, 16 September 2024, lot 99
Price: USD 21,760 or approx. EUR 19,900 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing
Description: A rare lacquered gold-and-silver-inlaid bronze mirror, Tang dynasty
Expert remark: Compare the related manner of casting, decoration, and motifs. Note the gold inlays and the size (21.3 cm).

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