Description: ”Fang ding” is among the rarest ritual vessels from the Bronze Age and this set, decorated with the bovidae motif against a leiwen background and Taotie masks is an exceptional example and is among the most spectacular of this kind. Its rectangular shape and the size grant this vessel the sense of balance and harmony, while the green patina uniformly developed on its surface enhances the beauty of its design.
”Fang ding” (square) ritual vessels have a long history in China. They were first made of ceramics during the Erlitou Era (2000-1500 BC) and were later made of bronze during the Erligang Era (1510-1460 BC). During the Shang and Western Zhou Dynsasties, the Fand Dings were made for the purpose of the ancestors' cult or other sacrificial ceremonies, and the right of ownership of them appears to have been strictly regulated. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, the lower nobility of Feudalistic China were entitled to be the holders of three such vessels (each), while high officers were entitled to have five, dignitaries - seven, and the Emperor - nine.