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Chinese calligraphy "Fo" (Buddha); Chinese ink on paper roll; signed Hong Yi (Li Shutong, 1880-1942); inscribed with 2 artist seals; 30 x 19 cm. Hong Yi (Chinese, 1880–1942) was a Buddhist monk, artist, and educator, and one of the earliest pioneers in introducing Western art to China in the early 20th century. Born Li Shutong in Tianjin, Hong attended the Nanyang Public School, and joined the Shanghai Painting and Calligraphy Association and the Shanghai Scholarly Society. In 1905, Hong traveled to Japan, where he studied at the Tokyo School of Fine Arts, specializing in Western painting and music. Hong returned to China in 1910, and became a teacher in a girls’ school in Shanghai. In 1912, he went to Hangzhou and became a lecturer at the Zhejiang Secondary Normal College. In 1915 he taught at Nanjing Higher Normal School, and at the Central University of Nanjing, as well as at the Zhejiang Secondary Normal School (at Hangzhou), as professor of drawing and music. During this time, Hong became well known for his unconventional teaching methods, including becoming the first Chinese educator to use nude models and teach Western-style music. In 1918, Hong became a monk, restricting his artistic pursuits to calligraphy and Buddhist-themed painting. Hong died in Quanzhou in the Fujian Province, at the age of 63.
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