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A FRAGMENTARY EGYPTIAN RED GRANITE PORTRAIT HEAD OF AMENHOTEP III NEW KINGDOM, 18TH DYNASTY, REIGN OF AMENHOTEP III, CIRCA 1390-1353 B.C. From an over life-size statue of the king, the full mouth with characteristic thick upper lip, the mouth slightly downturned with a fold stretching down towards the chin, a broad nose, almond-shaped eye with prominent upper lid folded over the lower and conforming arching eyebrow, with remains of the royal nemes headcloth and false beard, with incised beard strap visible on the temples 9 5/8 in. (24.4 cm.) high
The present head is part of a well-defined group of slightly over life-sized sculptures in pink granite. The treatment of the eyes in this group is arresting. Instead of the usual long extend cosmetic lines and conforming brows, these heads all feature eyes and brows more naturalistically rendered, with the upper eyelid folding over the lower one at the outer corner and the arched eyebrow narrowing to a point at its outer end.? Together these traits imbue the statue with a sense of older age.
For a long time, these heads were dated to the Amarna period, and even associated with Tutankhamen. But this attribution ignores the head's carefully depicted signs of age, and Tutankhamen died at the age of eighteen. This head shares similarities with a black granodiorite head at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, which W.R. Johnson matched with a torso of Amenhotep III in the Cairo Museum (R. Freed et al. (eds), Pharaohs of the Sun, Boston, 1999, cat. no. 11 and 12), inscribed with hieroglyphic text mentioning the Heb Sed Festival held in the king's thirtieth regnal year to rejuvenate him, and at regular intervals in the following years. Further similar representations have been found in the last few years in the funerary temple of Amenhotep III on the Theban West Bank (Kom el-Hettan), also made of pink granite.
Amenhotep III benefited from material wealth and political stability during his almost forty years long reign, which made an elaborate construction program possible (R. Freed, op. cit., p. 21). The statues made for his first rejuvenation festival show him with child like features. At the same time Amenhotep III was the first king to deify himself during his lifetime, and even represented his persona worshipping his deified self, referred to as 'the dazzling sun-disc'.
But the signs of age on this head point towards a later date, and can be linked to similar representations of Queen Tiye with drooping eyelid and a firmly set mouth, dating from year 36 of his reign. The influence of his son, the future Akhenaten, co-regent next to Amenhotep III for 12 years, could also explain a more naturalistic style in artistic depictions and the variety of the representations of the last years of Amenhotep III long reign. A similar head, also in pink granite, can be found in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, inv. no. 23.3.170.
Amenhotep III was the grandfather of Tutankhamen (see the head of the god Amen with features of Tutankhamen presented above as lot 110). Both heads share the family trait of a delicate pursed mouth with thicker upper lip, and a fold stretching down towards the chin. The different treatment of the eyebrow is striking though as Amenhotep III's are delineated whereas Tutankhamen’s are naturalistically carved. On the other hand, the treatment of the ageing eyeline of Amenhotep III, as discussed above, is a sign of the Amarna artistic revolution to come with the reign of Akhenaten, and whose influence is still present in the representations of his direct successors: Tutankhamen, Ay and Horemheb.