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A PAIR OF GEORGE II GILTWOOD GIRANDOLES AFTER DESIGNS BY THOMAS CHIPPENDALE, CIRCA 1755-65 Each with C-scroll, acanthus and rocaille-carved frames, the cartouche-shaped plates divided by conforming foliate-carved scrolls, the foliate swag cresting with sprays of roses and berries, with three candle-branches naturalistically modelled as oak-leaf branches, with gilt-metal sconces and drip-pans, original water-gilding, the branches oil-gilt, one upper and one lower plate cracked 95 in. (243 cm.) high; 48 in. (122 cm.) wide
This rare set of four girandoles, comprising a large pair and a smaller pair and retaining their original gilding are inspired by designs of Thomas Chippendale (1718-1779) and demonstrate the enthusiastic reception of the Rococo or ‘French’ style in Britain, introduced in the second quarter of the 18th century. The set was almost certainly commissioned by Ambrose Isted (1717/18-1781), who embarked on an extensive refurbishment of his family seat, Ecton Hall, Northamptonshire, from 1755, which included walls and ceilings decorated with stucco-work in the newly fashionable French pittoresque style. The girandoles were delivered during this period, or the following decade when his wealth increased substantially following the inheritance of an estate in the West Indies.
The first edition of Chippendale's Director (1754) includes a series of whimsical designs for ‘Gerandoles’ (plate CXL), which he describes as: ‘four different designs of Gerandoles to hold candles, very proper for illuminating of rooms’. Such girandoles or sconces when hung together with pier glasses and overmantel mirrors enabled the maximum amount of light to be reflected around the room. A pair of asymmetrical girandoles supplied in 1759 by Chippendale for Dumfries House, Ayrshire, combine elements from two plates from Chippendale's Director (1).
The ‘French’ style was disseminated in Britain through ornamental prints by artists like Juste-Aurèle Meissonier (1695-1750) in Livre D'Ornemens Inventés & Dessinés Par J. O. Meissonnier Architecte, dessinateur de la Chambre & Cabinet Du Roi, published in circa 1745; Fran?ois Boucher (1703-70), Jean Mondon (fl. 1736-1745) and Jacques de La Joue (1686-1761). The English painter and printmaker, William Hogarth (1697-1764), a prominent member of the St. Martin’s Lane Academy, was central to the introduction of the Regence and early Louis XV styles to artists, sculptors and other craftsmen like Chippendale, whose workshops were at neighbouring 60-62 St. Martin’s Lane. Hogarth wrote in his Analysis of Beauty (1753) that the straight line was ‘unnatural’ and should be replaced by the serpentine line to create variety and express motion (2). Furthermore, that nature provided the full range of ornament required by an artist or designer. Thus in furniture and works of art the picturesque quality was enhanced by ornamentation of flowers, foliage, rocaille and chinoiserie.
These girandoles, with their carved sinuous foliate ‘C’ scrolls and rocaille decoration epitomise the ‘genre pittoresque’, in which fluidity overrules restraint, although in their symmetry they are a moderate British interpretation of the style. Their design was possibly further inspired by other contemporaneous patterns by the likes of Matthias Lock (1710-65) in his A New Book of Ornaments (1752) and Six Sconces (1744) and Thomas Johnson (1714-78) in Collection of Designs (1758) and One Hundred and Fifty New Designs (1761).
THE PROVENANCE
Ecton Hall, a former nunnery subordinate to Delapré Abbey, was inherited by Ambrose Isted (1717/18-1781) in 1731 when he was just fourteen from his father, Thomas, who had purchased the estate in 1712. In his early 20s, Ambrose began buying up land to extend the estate, and petitioned the Court of Chancery to close the road that ran in front of his house to ensure that he gained the full benefit of the mag