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A PAIR OF ANGLO-INDIAN IVORY-INLAID PADOUK SIDE CHAIRS VIZAGAPATAM, MID-18TH CENTURY Inlaid overall with line-inlaid ivory of scrolling flowers and foliage, each with a shaped back and vase-shaped splat, above a caned seat with foliate-scroll border, above a concave-moulded border with further foliate scrolls and shaped apron to the front, reverse and sides, on cabriole legs joined by a waved X-shaped stretcher with central flower head, on paw feet with ivory claws, one chair with restored break to left-hand stile and one back leg 40? in. (103.5 cm.) high; 20 in. (51 cm.) wide; 19 in. (48 cm.) deep
These Vizagapatam side chairs illustrate the successful fusion of Indian decoration to English form, and have a truly global provenance. Originally part of a suite of six single chairs, six armchairs, a settee and centre table. By tradition the set has been associated with the Nawab of Arcot, who is believed to have given them to an East India Company official. The suite was later in the collection of the greatest of all the English Rothschild collectors, Lionel de Rothschild (1808-1879), at 148 Piccadilly, London, where it was identified as the ‘Spanish suite’ because it had been acquired by him in Spain (1). In 1882, the suite was in the Library at 148 Piccadilly where it remained until 1937 until sold together with the remaining household contents by order of Victor, 3rd Lord Rothschild (1910-1990) (2).
LIONEL DE ROTHSCHILD AND 148 PICCADILLY
Lionel de Rothschild was the eldest son of Nathan Mayer de Rothschild (1777-1836), who came from Frankfurt to England in 1798 to establish the family’s mercantile and banking business, N M Rothschild & Sons. In 1841, Lionel acquired 148 Piccadilly, one of the best locations in London, in effect two houses, numbers 147 and 148, merged into one, which became the backdrop for his great art collection that included Old Master paintings and French 18th century decorative arts.
In the 19th century, the Rothschild family had not only the financial wherewithal to buy in any field they chose but their international contacts enabled them to make acquisitions outside the normal bounds of dealers and auction houses (3). The Vizagapatam suite of seat-furniture and table were acquired by Lionel while in Spain; in 1834, he was in Madrid where he negotiated an important and lucrative contract with the Spanish government, who were in chronic financial difficulties, under which the Rothschilds secured the right to the revenue of the quicksilver mines of Almadén as security against a loan. For services to Spain, he was awarded the Order of Isabella in 1835, and it seems likely he acquired the Vizagapatam furniture in this period.
In March 1882, it was recorded in the Library at 148 Piccadilly; it must have been one of the most prized pieces of furniture because when the contents were divided between Lionel’s three sons, it was the eldest son and heir Nathaniel Mayer Rothschild, 1st Lord Rothschild (1840-1915), who inherited the Vizagapatam suite. Lionel de Rothschild evidently admired Anglo-Indian furniture; he also purchased a pair of ivory chairs from the celebrated Stowe sale of 1848, described as ‘once the property of Tipooo Sahib, and were sent by Warren Hastings as a present to Queen Charlotte at the time his trial was pending. Mr Russell secured them for the sum stated [42 guineas], and they are now the property of Baron Lionel de Rothschild’ (4). Unfortunately, from 1904 the Vizagapatam furniture is erroneously identified as ‘Spanish’, undoubtedly because it had been acquired in Spain, and this was a soubriquet that it retained up to at least 1928 (5).
VIZAGAPATAM AS THE SOURCE
These chairs were executed by artisans of the kamsali cast in the East Indian port of Vizagapatam in the mid-18th century. This style of furniture is characterised by its ivory decoration of dense trailing flowers, large