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apparently unmarked, the rounded rectangular box and cover with shagreen, silver and other mounts, the shaped hinges and escutcheon and lock of plain outline and with pierced heart motifs, simple slide locking knob, the central panel simply engraved shield of armorials, with later onset initials W C, the interior lined with 'leather?' gilt detail of armorials as lid and various star and other motifs all in gilt (Dimensions: Width: 15.7cm)(Width: 15.7cm)Footnote: The armorial bearings probably dates to around the mid-17th Century are those of the Company of Barber-Surgeons of the City of London. These arms are also stamped in gold leaf on the interior of the lid of the box. This case was part of a surgeon's accoutrements which at one time contained various instruments of his profession such as leams (for bloodletting), silver catheters, scalpels, syringes and other medical paraphernalia. These arms as found on both the exterior and interior of its lid indicate that he was a member of the Company of Barber-Surgeons of the City of London. A further clue to the identity of the original owner of the box are the initials ‘W C’ either side of the arms on the exterior lid. Although not conclusive given the approximate date of this case there are two likely candidates, a father and son who were Barber-Surgeons who had the initials of ‘W C’. they were possibly William Clowes (born 1540 died 1604) who had served as Surgeon to both Queen Elizabeth and King James VI & I. He was appointed as Warden of the Company in 1594. As the father, William’s death occurred in 1604 it more than likely that this case was in the possession of his son, William Clowes, junior (born circa 1582 died prior to 30th October 1648). William was apprenticed to his father and was admitted to the Freedom of the Company on the 22nd January 1605 and advanced to its Livery some ten years later the 13th December 1615. At this date, William was the Surgeon to Charles, Prince of Wales. Upon the succession of Charles as King in 1625, William became the King’s Serjeant Surgeon. He served twice as Master of the Company, firstly in 1626 and secondly in 1638. The placing of the initials of the owner of the box appears to be the fashion as other contemporary examples show this being done. There is a suspicion that either the company supplied such items directly or more feasibly had a tame box maker in the City who made them to a given pattern. The armorial bearings of the Company of Barbers-Surgeons were granted by Sir Gilbert Dethick, Garter King of Arms, Robert Cooke, Clarenceux King of Arms and William Flower, Norroy King of Arms at The College of Arms on the 2nd June 1569. There are two similar boxes in the Wellcome Museum and another two in the collection of the Barbers' Company. Although these have small drawer to the side. For more information see www.piratesurgeon.com Lyon & Turnbull sold a similar box but without the initials or armorials as lot 258 in sale 27th November 2006Condition report: Good for age, silver work generally okay, would appear the armorial hinges etc. of period, initials possibly later but are attached under the other metalwork, interior top quite clear but grubby, interior base very grubby, traces of decoration, tears and losses to the edge interior