Jade boulder carvings of various shapes depicting deer in rocky mountainscapes include a smaller white jade version sold at Christie’s New York, 30th March 2005, lot 129; and a pale green jade example sold at Christie’s London, 10th December 1990, lot 215. See also a smaller boulder fashioned with a scholar and attendant on the front and the reverse with two deer in a landscape, attributed to the Qianlong period, from the collections of Florence and Herbert Irving and the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, sold in these rooms, 10th September 2019, lot 8.

This landscape is identified as a mountain of immortality by the presence of the two deer, an attribute of the God of Longevity, Shoulao, and the stars that are engraved onto their bodies. Also symbolic of longevity is the pine tree which grows from the lower left corner of the composition. 

本品玉山題材祥瑞，刻劃仙山瑞鹿，瑞鹿者，常為壽老化身，本山子左下角並刻壽松，更添高壽之美好祝願。其他刻劃靈鹿之玉山，可比較數例，其一為白玉例，尺寸較小，售於紐約佳士得2005年3月30日，編號129；另見一青玉例，售於倫敦佳士得1990年12月10日，編號215。再比一例，尺寸較小，正面雕松山高士圖，背面雕瑞鹿，斷代乾隆，出自佛羅倫斯及赫伯特?歐雲伉儷收藏，後惠贈於紐約大都會藝術博物館，售於紐約蘇富比2019年9月10日，編號8。