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A rare and large archaic bronze ritual bell, yongzhong Early Western Zhou Dynasty (2)
香港 北京时间
2020年12月01日 开拍 / 2020年11月29日 截止委托
拍品描述 翻译
A rare and large archaic bronze ritual bell, yongzhong Early Western Zhou DynastyOf slightly flattened barrel form, both exterior faces with three rows of nine projecting mei bosses evenly distributed and divided by bands of smaller bosses separated by zoomorphic scrolls, the flat top decorated with similar scrolls, the tapering collared cylindrical shaft with a suspension loop on one side, the bronze with light malachite and azurite encrustation, stand. 47.1cm (18 1/2in) high (2). 注脚 西周早期 青銅雲紋甬鐘Provenance: Paul E. Manheim (1906-1999), USASotheby's New York, 16 September 2009, lot 101 (part lot)Exhibited: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York,1968-2009 (on loan)來源:Paul E. Manheim (1906-1999年)舊藏紐約蘇富比,2009年9月16日,拍品101(其一)展覽:大都會博物館,紐約1968-2009年(借展)The present bell appears to be one of the earliest-known examples of two-tone bells with motifs decorated to indicate the striking point for a second tone. Bells of this type were made in graduated sizes to form a tuned set or bianzhong, 'chime'. Two-tone bells permitted a wider range of notes with a certain number of bells. According to the Zhou Li, (the Rites of Zhou) from the Eastern Zhou period, only Kings, Marquises and other selected aristocratic groups were entitled to possess such bronze bells, and the number of sets allowed varied according to different Royal titles.Only a few sets of early Western Zhou yongzhong bells have been found in archaeological sites. Compare with a very similar set of four yongzhong bells (the largest 46.2cm high), found in 2013 in an early Western Zhou tomb of the State of Zeng in Yejiashan, Suizhou, illustrated in Suizhou yejiashan xizhou zaoqi zengguo mudi (Early Western Zhou Tombs of State of Zeng in Yejiashan, Suizhou), Beijing, 2013, pp.138-143, pl.68. Compare with three other sets of three yongzhong bells of a similar form and decoration but smaller size (the largest 43cm high); one set found in an early Western Zhou tomb of the State of Yu in Zhuyuangou, Baoji; another set found in a tomb of the State of Yu in Rujiazhuang, Baoji, both illustrated in Zhongguo yinyue wenwu daxi: shanxi Tianjin juan, (The Great Collection of Historical Relics of Music in China: Shanxi and Tianjin), Zhengzhou, 1999, pp.29-32, fig.1-2;and a third set of three yongzhong bells of similar form and decoration excavated in Pudu village, Xi'an, illustrated by M.Hayashi in In shū seidōki sōran, Shanghai, 2017, vol.1 Illustrations, p.383, fig.Bell 33. Both archaeological sites in the former States of Zeng and Yu were dated to the early Western Zhou period.See also a single bronze yongzhong bell, Western Zhou period, in the Palace Museum, Beijing, illustrated in Collections of the Palace Museum: Bronzes, Taipei, 2007, no.90, p.136. See also two related bronze yongzhong bells with similarly decorated scrolls, excavated in Shandong Province, illustrated by Zhu Xiaofang, The Research into the Bells of Zhou Dynasty in Shandong Area, Shanghai, 2016, p.48, nos.2-5 and 2-6. Compare with a further set of bronze yongzhong bells, Western Zhou dynasty, but with later inscriptions, illustrated by Chen Peifen, Research on Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasty Bronze Vessels: The Collection of the Shanghai Museum, Shanghai, 2004, pp.568-569.鐘甬中通穿過舞部,旋部起細棱線,組成抽象鳳鳥紋四組,每組鳥眼凸起如乳釘,舞身飾竊曲紋,鐘身合瓦狀,起乳釘紋為欄,枚凸起頗細長,前後各十八枚,鉦部光素,篆部飾凸起細線組成的變種竊曲紋,鼓中心飾凸線組成鳳尾紋,一鐘兩調。甬鐘因舞上之甬而名,和鈕鐘相區別,自身銘文則多自稱「鐘」而已。鐘為中國禮樂最重要的樂器,多件成組即編鐘,懸掛不同件數的鐘磬組成樂懸制度以顯地位高低。《周禮·春官·小胥》載:「正樂縣(懸)之位,王宮縣,諸侯軒縣。士特縣,辨其聲。」注言:「樂縣,謂鐘磬之屬縣於筍簴者。鄭司農雲:宮縣,四面縣;軒縣,去其一面;判縣,又去其一面;特縣又去其一面。四面,象宮室四面有牆,故謂之宮縣。軒縣三面,其形曲,故《春秋傳》曰:請曲縣、繁纓以朝諸侯之禮也。故曰:惟器與名不可以假人。」《周禮》所載即是天子、諸侯、卿大夫、士不同等級者所用編鐘的規範。其中,諸侯之卿大夫及士用特懸,即兩柱上托一橫樑的編鐘;諸侯及天子之卿用軒懸,又稱曲懸,即呈曲尺形架懸掛編鐘;天子用宮懸,即兩個曲尺形架相合為一近似宮室四面牆的方形架子懸掛編鐘。此鐘極厚重,小乳釘界欄及細線陽文紋飾西周早期到兩周之際皆有見,類似實物則集中出土於陝西、山西及山東,周室延伸之江漢地區亦有蹤跡。2013年湖北省文物考古研究所在葉家山M111號墓地中亦發現4件保存完好的甬鐘,其形制和紋飾均與此件類似(最大46.2厘米高),見《隨州葉家山西周早期曾國墓地》,北京,2013年,頁138-143,圖版68。另件1980年陝西寶雞出土弓魚(一字,國名)國墓葬群出土兩套三件一組的甬鐘和本件極似,皆乳釘起欄線,鼓正中之紋飾,尺寸較本拍品稍小(最大43厘米高),可參考最大一件,見《中國音樂文物大系:陝西天津卷》,鄭州,1999年,圖版1-2,頁29-32。弓魚國及曾國兩處墓葬群皆斷代為西周早期。西安普渡村出土一套三件西周甬鐘,紋飾制式與本件頗似,見林巳奈夫著,《殷周青銅器綜覽》,上海,2017年,第一卷圖片,頁383,圖鐘33。北京故宮藏一件西周中期甬鐘亦頗類似,見北京故宮博物院編,《你應該知道的200見青銅器》,台北,2007年,圖版90,頁136。山東出土數件甬鐘和本件風格頗似,皆甬中通,細線陽文紋飾,見朱曉芳著,《齊魯金聲—山東地區兩周樂鐘研究》,上海,2016年,圖2-5及2-6,頁48。上海博物館藏一套西周晉侯鐘,其中數件紋飾亦是凸起細紋,鉦部銘文為後刻,可參考之,見陳佩芬著,《夏商周青銅器研究:東周篇下》,上海,2004年,頁568-569。

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