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An Imperial Beijing gilt-metal and porcelain alarm clock Qianlong (2)
香港 北京时间
2020年12月01日 开拍 / 2020年11月29日 截止委托
拍品描述 翻译
An Imperial Beijing gilt-metal and porcelain alarm clock QianlongThe circular gilt-metal case meticulously pierced on the sides with the Eight Buddhist Emblems, bajixiang, surmounted by a hinged cover, the clock comprised of a porcelain dial inscribed in black enamel with the twelve Chinese hours, shichen, each hour dived into eight segments, a central metal alarm disc which can be rotated to set the alarm, a single hand pointing to the twelve hours, the gilt base with two apertures, one aperture can be dialled to secure the movement of the alarm, next to which is incised with a zhong 'clock' character, the other aperture can be dialled to secure the movement of the hand. 12cm (4 3/4in) diam. (2). 注脚 清乾隆 御製銅鎏金八吉祥二十四時辰醒鐘Provenance: Christie's Hong Kong, 28 May 2014, lot 3342 (offered)來源:佳士得香港,2014年5月28日,拍品編號3342(上拍)The present alarm clock is a rare example of clockmaking at the Imperial Workshops in Beijing. Compare with an identical alarm clock in the Palace Museum, Beijing, early Qianlong period, made before 1748 by the Imperial Clockmaking Workshop within the Palace in Beijing. For a detailed discussion, see Lu Yanzhen, ed., Zhongbiao jianshang yu shoucang, Changchun, 1994, pp.36-37, illustrated by Liao Pin, Clocks and Watches of the Qing Dynasty from the Collection in the Forbidden City, Beijing, 2002, p.40, no.10.According to the Imperial Household Archives, the Kangxi emperor, intrigued by foreign timepieces, decided to set up an Office of zimingzhongchu or 'self-ringing bells' to store his Western-style clocks. The Office later became the zaozhongchu, an Imperial Workshop for the Jesuit clockmakers, painters and engravers to work with other craftsmen to produce timepieces for the Qing court. By 1773, under the administration of the Imperial Household Department, the workshop further expanded with a total of nine studios in the Palace. For a detailed discussion about Imperial clockmaking during the Qianlong period, see Guo Fuxiang, 'Investigation of the Imperial Collection of Timepieces during the Qianlong Reign (1736-1795)', in Journal of Gugong Studies, issue 7, Beijing, 2011, pp.225-252.Since the Western Zhou dynasty, the Chinese had been using the time-keeping system of dividing a day into twelve hours known as shichen, each shichen named after the Earthly Branches in the order known as dizhi. Starting from the end of the Tang dynasty to the Song dynasty, each shichen was divided into two, with the first half of each called the initial hour chu, and the second called the central hour zheng. On the present clock, each Chinese shichen is divided into eight segments, with four segments representing one hour. The alarm disc can be rotated to show twenty-four different shichen through the pieced rectangle, allowing the alarm to be set based on twenty-four hour time-keeping.See also an iron-cased astronomical alarm clock, Qing dynasty, in the Nanjing Museum, illustrated in Precision and Elegance: Selected Clocks and Watches from Nanjing Museum's Collection, Nanjing, 2013, no.6.鐘圓柱形,錶盤白色琺瑯質,墨彩繪十二時辰刻度及漢字十二支,中心銅製指針,指針下銅盤陰刻填朱十二時辰初、正兩部分,鐘套銅鎏金,外殼鏤空刻八吉祥番蓮如意雲紋,底部發條三孔,鏨刻一「鐘」字。本件醒鐘有濃厚的中國風格,應為宮中做鐘處所作,北京故宮藏有一件紫銅質清乾隆十二時辰醒鐘,被定為乾隆早期清宮造辦處之作,與本件極似,鐘套周圍鏤雕八寶紋,順序是輪、傘、腸、螺、花、罐、魚、蓋,按八寶排列順序,有學者認為是乾隆十年(1745年)以前製作,相關討論見陸燕真編著,《鐘錶鑒賞與收藏》,長春,1994年,頁36及37,圖像見廖頻編,《清宮鐘錶集萃—北京故宮珍藏》,北京,2002,圖版10,頁40。清宮早在康熙年間便在宮中設立了自鳴鐘處,雍正時期改為做鐘處,乾隆二年(1737)正月,做鐘處開始擴充規模,首領趙進忠向内務府大臣海王報告:「本處所造自鳴鐘錶甚多,作房窄小,欲在後院内蓋房三間。」見《清宮内務府造辦處檔案總匯》,第七冊,北京,2005年,頁779。至乾隆三十八年,做鐘處作房至少有房九間,頗具規模,見前書,第36冊,頁840。處内的工匠有外國傳教士、外募役匠及做鐘太監,其中佼佼者便有前文提到之趙進忠,相關討論參見郭福祥著,《乾隆時期宮廷鐘表收藏考述》,載於《故宮學刊》,第七輯,北京,2011年,頁225-252。十二時辰為中國傳統計時單位,最早在西周開始使用,漢代以後又用十二地支來表示。宋以後,把十二時辰中每個時辰平分為「初」、「正」兩部分,成二十四時辰,與西洋鐘錶二十四小時計法一致。此醒鐘採用二十四時辰計法,一時辰内分八刻,以小時分四刻。錶盤十二時辰有「初」、「正」設定,一天二十四小時皆設定報時。參看南京博物院藏一件清代十二時辰墜力鐵殼鐘,機制類似,為較晚期作品,見《精準與華美—南京博物院藏鐘錶精品》,南京,2013年,圖版6。

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