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A GILT COPPER ALLOY FIGURE OF CUNDI (ZHUNTI GUANYIN)?
LATE MING/EARLY QING DYNASTY, 17TH CENTURY?Himalayan Art Resources item no.16911 8 in. (20.3 cm) high
注脚
明末/清初?十七世紀?銅鎏金準提觀音像??Avalokiteshvara?(Guanyin) is the most popularly worshipped bodhisattva in Chinese Buddhism, taking several forms. Here, in a form known as?Cundi?Avalokiteshvara?(Zhunti?Guanyin)—'The Goddess of the Seventy Million Buddhas'—the bodhisattva personifies a potent incantation called the?Cundi?Dharani.?Her eighteen arms (sixteen of which hold implements) symbolize the eighteen paths of attaining Buddhahood as described in her incantation.?Cundi?is invoked to purify karma,?attract resources, grant protection, and promote an auspicious rebirth.??This gilt-bronze depiction is likely a rare 17th-century example created during the transition between Ming and Qing dynasties. Stylistic features of the Ming dynasty include high-waisted lower garments tied with prominent bows, crown types with large central panels rather than five equidistant leaves, and teardrop floral earrings. These features are represented by a 16th-century bronze of the same deity sold at Sotheby's, New York, 20 March 2019, lot 686 (also see Poly Auction, Hong Kong, 2 April 2018, lot 3525). However, they have been modified with Qing-dynasty characteristics including a head and arms of more naturalistic proportions, armbands and bracelets consisting of double beaded chains mounted with a single jewel, and silks engraved with a sunflower motif. Similar are represented in?a 17th-century Qing?Amitayus?published in Xia (ed.), Puti?Miaoxiang, Liaoning, 2001, p.158, no.151.???Published?Philip Rawson, Sacred Tibet (Art and Imagination), Singapore, 1991, p.84.??Provenance?Baron von Mumins Collection, Lhasa, 1929??Philip Goldman Collection, London?Sotheby's, New York, 21 March 2002, lot 153?Private West Coast Collection