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A monumental and important collection of 100 Japanese scroll paintings of Five Hundred Lohans, by Morimoto Kōchō 森本後凋 circa 1887-1888, after 12th century Chinese Song dynasty originals by Zhou Jichang 周季常 and Lin Tinggui 林庭桂. The present collection is the only other complete set of Five Hundred Lohans to exist in its entirety, therefore it is of tremendous historic value and rarity. It is a document of the piety of twelfth-century Chinese lay Buddhists and the wave of Chinese cultural influence that accompanied the transmission of Zen to Japan, and the upheavals that shook the Japanese Buddhist establishment in the Meiji period.
We invite you to preview quality images of this collection at: https://goo.gl/bpO6gg
Hanging scrolls, ink and colour on silk
Contained in 20 Japanese wooden tomobako boxes
Overall size of scroll with mounting: 160 x 62cm (63 x 24.5 in.)
Overall size without mounting: 108 x 52cm (42.5 x 20.5 in.)
Inscribed with five seals of the artist
Chronology
? 1178-1188: Song dynasty originals painted by Zhou Jichang 周季常 and Lin Tinggui 林庭桂
? Mid 13th C. - Early 14th C.: Original set transported to Japan, residing first at the Zen temple Jufuku-ji 壽福寺 in Kamakura 鎌倉 and later at the Zen temple Daitoku-ji 大德寺 in Kyoto 京都, Japan
? Muromachi 室町 period (1336-1573): 2 works from the original set were replaced due to loss, damage following the arrival
? 1638: 6 from the original set were replaced by Kimura Tokuo 木村德應's copy
? 19th C.: The paintings were believed to be works of Guan Xiu 貫休 and Li Longmian 李龍眠. Later, the gold inscriptions with painters' names were found using ultraviolet light
? 1887/1/3 - 1888/9/4: Morimoto Kōchō, who served the Meiji government as director of the Imperial Museums in Nara and Kyoto, executed a complete set of copies of Daitoku-ji’s paintings
? 1894: 44 from original set were exhibited in Boston to raise funds for the repair of the Daitoku-ji temple 大德寺, 10 were sold to Boston Museum of Fine Arts, 2 were given to the American organizer as a gift, and then were sold to Charles Lang Freer (1902.224 & 1907.139)
? 1897: The 12 scrolls that remained in the US were replaced by Morimoto's second copy(of his earlier copy), and later joined the Song original and earlier replaced ones as a complete set
? 1921: Morimoto Tokaku 森本東閣, son of Morimoto Kōchō 森本後凋, published the Morimoto set in a book, Go-hyaku Rakan Chō (Scrolls of Five Hundred Lohan 五百羅漢貼)
? 1984/11/30 - 1985/1/16: Present collection exhibited at the Boulder Centre for the Visual Arts, titled “The Five Hundred Lohan: Lyrical Imagery / Sacred Meaning”
? 1985: Present collection gifted to Shambhala (then known as “Vajradhatu”) by GES 500 Ltd.
Appraisals & Documents Available
? Copies of 6 letters in Japanese by Morimoto and contemporaries about these works
? Appraised by Edwin Hardy, Oriental and European Antiques, San Francisco - June 3, 1982
? Re-appraised by Edwin Hardy, Oriental and European Antiques, San Francisco - September 28, 1983
? Bill of Sale, to GES 500 Ltd. from Thomas Chuck in San Francisco – September 28, 1983
? Summary of condition by Ann Shaftel, Fine Arts Conservation, Chicago - April 6, 1984
? Appraisal by Fuji Murakami, Oriental Art Appraisers, Denver, Colorado – May 5, 1985
? Donation letter from Lyle M. Weinstein, General Partner, GES 500, Ltd. to Vajracarya, the Venerable Chogyam Trungpa, Rinpoche – June 8, 1985
Bibliography
? Album of Five Hundred Lohans, Go-hyaku-rakan-cho, by Morimoto Kocho, Commemorative album published by the artist's son Morimoto Tokaku. Kyoto. 1921.5
? Fong, Wen. Five Hundred Lohans at the Daitokuji. PhD. diss., Princeton University, 1956.
? Fong, Wen. The Lohans and a Bridge to Heaven. Freer Gallery of Art Occasional Papers. vol. 3, no. 1. Washington, D.C.: Lord Baltimore Press, 1958. 3, 10-13.
? Levine, Gregory P.A. Daitokuji: The Visual Cultures of a Zen Monastery. Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 2005. Pp. 287-313, esp. 190