MAI TRUNG THU (1906-1980) L’élégante Interrogation (The Elegant Questioning)
signed and dated ‘MAI THU 1943’ (upper left)
ink and gouache on silk laid on cardboard
55.5 x 46 cm. (21 7/8 x 18 1/8 in.)
Painted in 1943
one seal of the artist
MAI TRUNG THU (1906-1980)
L’élégante Interrogation (The Elegant Questioning)
signed and dated ‘MAI THU 1943’ (upper left)
ink and gouache on silk laid on cardboard
55.5 x 46 cm. (21 7/8 x 18 1/8 in.)
Painted in 1943
one seal of the artist
Private Collection, France
Acquired from the above by the present owner Lot Essay
MAI THU, 1943 “ L’éLéGANTE INTERROGATION”(THE ELEGANT QUESTIONING)
OR WILL ALL THE IMAGES DISAPPEAR?
The interior depicts the somewhat old-fashioned austerity of the wealthy residences in Hanoi or Hue, at the time. The hardwood armchair designed with French influence, the opulent horizontal drapery, the solid wood column with its base carved in Thanh-Hoa stone do not soften the reigning Confucian rigor.
Mai Trung Thu isolates us from the scene by imposing in the foreground the top of a balustrade, openwork and carved with floral motifs, but frontal, over the entire width of the painting, as if he were holding us at a distance so that we beg for his attention. The original molded and gilded frame - which the Romanet gallery used at that time - encloses and enhances the subject. Later on, Mai Thu would patiently craft and lacquer his own frames into more than simple accessories that would truly reveal the work.
The two women are clothed in ao dai. The one wearing a Tonkinese headdress is covered in a flowered shawl in two-tone silk velvet while the other with hair brushed back wears a simple necklace. Both ao dai are made in the style created in the 1930s in Hanoi by Nguyen Cat Tuong (1912-1946), also known as LeMur, an innovative couturier and artist who also graduated from the Indochina School of Fine Arts, in 1933. A member of the nationalist literary group (founded in 1932) called the Tu Luc Van Doan (Autonomous Literary Group), LeMur did not merely suggest a new fashion but offered to the urban Vietnamese woman emancipation, both physical and psychological. The clothing became a social weapon. Mai Thu, of course, supported this nationalist and liberating movement, as did almost all of the country's artists. The child has all the attributes - from the haircut to his clothes - of his environment...
This place and these figures are all elements of the Vietnamese wealthy class, that of Mai Thu’s, son of Mai Trung Càt (1857-1945), a high dignitary of the imperial court of Hué.
Subject to an exhaustive inventory, it should be noted that Mai Thu rarely represented three characters together. It is as if, here, he needed the strength of a group to deliver the meaning of his work.
The faces of the figures, which the artist has taken particular care to portray, remind us that Mai Thu was an extraordinary portraitist, first in Vietnam until 1937 and then in Macon, France, where he lived in 1940-41, after his demobilization from the French army. There he painted many portraits of the inhabitants. The Portrait of Mrs. N. D and her daughter executed in 1941 is a graceful testimony of a talent at its peak. Later, after the war, he will propose mostly smoother faces, almost interchangeable. For him, anonymity is a renunciation of identity.
These three faces, in 1943, do not affirm, they question. They are the interpreters of the painter.
The two youngest characters are grasping their chin with their hand, and if the faces look away from each other, the bodies are brought close together. The flesh as defiance of the spiritual. The entire meaning of the painting could reside in the hands of the seated woman, who could be the mother. She is the only one looking at us, with a delicate but firm authority, known of Vietnamese women, while the other two are looking away. Her hands, a distant allusion to an abhayamudra that has become secular, testify to the certainty of her seduction, but a seduction that awaits an answer. The free, useless hands of the other two protagonists slump on the hard wood of the armchair or the railing.
When he arrived in France in 1937, Mai Thu abandoned oil on canvas in favor of ink and gouache on silk, a technique, exogenous, taught (the "painting on cloth" of the official program) since the foundation of the School of Fine Arts in Hanoi and which quickly became a characteristic Vietnamese identity that Nguyen Phan Chanh will pursue, and that Le Pho and Vu Cao Dam will gradually abandon, amongst others. An affirmation of his identity.
Did Mai Thu truly settle in France? Playing the d?c huyen, this old Vietnamese instrument he mastered, did it mean sharing with others or isolating oneself in a country where artistic cosmopolitanism, and particularly musical, was the absolute norm?
In fact, this magnificent painting testifies Mai Thu's dissatisfaction. Far from his roots, he seems, unlike his two friends Le Pho and Vu Cao Dam, unable to root himself. Perhaps their journey to the West did not have the same meaning? Did Mai Thu only flee from a past love, this "Mademoiselle Phuong", of whom he has left us with superb oils, charcoals and pastel-and-chalk drawings, dated 1937? France to him, is it just another place at the difference of Le Pho and Vu Cao Dam who found a home? While Vu Cao Dam and Le Pho wanted France to surprise them, Mai Thu wanted France to understand him. A difference in the quest that resulted in a difference in integration.
Mai Thu knows that all images will disappear: immediately for those that we see, and a longer period for those that we think about. But what of the ones you dream about? In this year of 1943, Mai Thu answers us, with the elegance of a scholar, through these three characters who embody the past, the present and the future: none can be deprived of his nostalgia.
Jean-Fran?ois Hubert
Senior Expert, Vietnamese Art
CONDITIONS OF SALE ? BUYING AT CHRISTIE’S CONDITIONS OF SALE These Conditions of Sale and the Important Notices and Explanation of Cataloguing Practice set out the terms on which we offer the lots listed in this catalogue for sale. By registering to bid and/or by bidding at auction you agree to these terms, so you should read them carefully before doing so. You will find a glossary at the end explaining the meaning of the words and expressions coloured in bold. Unless we own a lot (D symbol), Christie’s acts as agent for the seller. A BEFORE THE SALE 1 DESCRIPTION OF LOTS (a) Certain words used in the catalogue description have special meanings. You can find details of these on the page headed “Important Notices and Explanation of Cataloguing Practice” which forms part of these terms. You can find a key to the Symbols found next to certain catalogue entries under the section of the catalogue called “Symbols Used in this Catalogue”. 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C CONDUCTING THE SALE 1 WHO CAN ENTER THE AUCTION We may, at our option, refuse admission to our premises or decline to permit participation in any auction or to reject any bid. 2 RESERVES Unless otherwise indicated, all lots are subject to a reserve. We identify lots that are offered without reserve with the symbol ? next to the lot number. The reserve cannot be more than the lot’s low estimate. 3 AUCTIONEER’S DISCRETION The auctioneer can at his sole option: (a) refuse any bid; (b) move the bidding backwards or forwards in any way he or she may decide, or change the order of the lots; (c) withdraw any lot; (d) divide any lot or combine any two or more lots; (e) reopen or continue the bidding even after the hammer has fallen; and (f) in the case of error or dispute related to bidding and whether during or after the auction, continue the bidding, determine the successful bidder, cancel the sale of the lot, or reoffer and resell any lot. 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Christie’s is not responsible for any error (human or otherwise), omission or breakdown in providing these services. 8 SUCCESSFUL BIDS Unless the auctioneer decides to use his or her discretion as set out in paragraph C3 above, when the auctioneer’s hammer strikes, we have accepted the last bid. This means a contract for sale has been formed between the seller and the successful bidder. We will issue an invoice only to the registered bidder who made the successful bid. While we send out invoices by post and/or email after the auction, we do not accept responsibility for telling you whether or not your bid was successful. 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On all lots we charge 26% of the hammer price up to and including HK$7,500,000, 20% on that part of the hammer price over HK$7,500,000 and up to and including HK$50,000,000, and 14.5% of that part of the hammer price above HK$50,000,000. 2 TAXES The successful bidder is responsible for any applicable tax including any VAT, sales or compensating use tax or equivalent tax wherever such taxes may arise on the hammer price and the buyer’s premium. It is the buyer’s responsibility to ascertain and pay all taxes due. In all circumstances Hong Kong law takes precedence. Christie’s recommends you obtain your own independent tax advice. For lots Christie’s ships to the United States, a state sales or use tax may be due on the hammer price, buyer’s premium and/or any other charges related to the lot, regardless of the nationality or citizenship of the purchaser. Christie’s will collect sales tax where legally required. 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If either of the above warranties are incorrect, the seller shall not have to pay more than the purchase price (as defined in paragraph F1(a) below) paid by you to us. The seller will not be responsible to you for any reason for loss of profits or business, expected savings, loss of opportunity or interest, costs, damages, other damages or expenses. The seller gives no warranty in relation to any lot other than as set out above and, as far as the seller is allowed by law, all warranties from the seller to you, and all other obligations upon the seller which may be added to this agreement by law, are excluded. 2 OUR AUTHENTICITY WARRANTY We warrant, subject to the terms below, that the lots in our sales are authentic (our “authenticity warranty”). If, within 5 years of the date of the auction, you give notice to us that your lot is not authentic, subject to the terms below, we will refund the purchase price paid by you. The meaning of authentic can be found in the glossary at the end of these Conditions of Sale. The terms of the authenticity warranty are as follows: (a) It will be honoured for claims notified within a period of 5 years from the date of the auction. After such time, we will not be obligated to honour the authenticity warranty. (b) It is given only for information shown in UPPERCASE type in the first line of the catalogue description (the “Heading”). It does not apply to any information other than in the Heading, even if shown in UPPERCASE type. (c) The authenticity warranty does not apply to any Heading or part of a Heading which is qualified. Qualified means limited by a clarification in a lot’s catalogue description or by the use in a Heading of one of the terms listed in the section titled Qualified Headings on the page of the catalogue headed “Important Notices and Explanation of Cataloguing Practice”. For example, use of the term “ATTRIBUTED TO…..” in a Heading means that the lot is in Christie’s opinion probably a work by the named artist but no warranty is provided that the lot is the work of the named artist. Please read the full list of Qualified Headings and a lot’s full catalogue description before bidding. (d) The authenticity warranty applies to the Heading as amended by any Saleroom Notice. (e) The authenticity warranty does not apply where scholarship has developed since the auction leading to a change in generally accepted opinion. Further it does not apply if the Heading either matched the generally accepted opinion of experts at the date of the sale or drew attention to any conflict of opinion. (f) The authenticity warranty does not apply if the lot can only be shown not to be authentic by a scientific process which, on the date we published the catalogue, was not available or generally accepted for use, or which was unreasonably expensive or impractical, or which was likely to have damaged the lot. (g) The benefit of the authenticity warranty is only available to the original buyer shown on the invoice for the lot issued at the time of the sale and only if, on the date of the notice of claim, the original buyer is the full owner of the lot and the lot is free from any claim, interest or restriction by anyone else. The benefit of this authenticity warranty may not be transferred to anyone else. (h) In order to claim under the authenticity warranty you must: (i) give us written notice of your claim within 5 years of the date of the auction. We may require full details and supporting evidence of any such claim; (ii) at Christie’s option, we may require you to provide the written opinions of two recognized experts in the field of the lot mutually agreed by you and us in advance confirming that the lot is not authentic. If we have any doubts, we reserve the right to obtain additional opinions at our expense; and (iii) return the lot at your expense to the saleroom from which you bought it in the condition it was in at the time of sale. (i) Your only right under this authenticity warranty is to cancel the sale and receive a refund of the purchase price paid by you to us. We will not, in any circumstances, be required to pay you more than the purchase price nor will we be liable for any loss of profits or business, loss of opportunity or value, expected savings or interest, costs, damages, other damages or expenses. 215 (j) Books. Where the lot is a book, we give an additional warranty for 14 days from the date of the sale that if on collation any lot is defective in text or illustration, we will refund your purchase price, subject to the following terms: (a) This additional warranty does not apply to: (i) the absence of blanks, half titles, tissue guards or advertisements, damage in respect of bindings, stains, spotting, marginal tears or other defects not affecting completeness of the text or illustration; (ii) drawings, autographs, letters or manuscripts, signed photographs, music, atlases, maps or periodicals; (iii) books not identified by title; (iv) lots sold without a printed estimate; (v) books which are described in the catalogue as sold not subject to return; or (vi) defects stated in any condition report or announced at the time of sale. (b) To make a claim under this paragraph you must give written details of the defect and return the lot to the sale room at which you bought it in the same condition as at the time of sale, within 14 days of the date of the sale. (k) South East Asian Modern and Contemporary Art and Chinese Calligraphy and Painting. In these categories, the authenticity warranty does not apply because current scholarship does not permit the making of definitive statements. Christie’s does, however, agree to cancel a sale in either of these two categories of art where it has been proven the lot is a forgery. Christie’s will refund to the original buyer the purchase price in accordance with the terms of Christie’s authenticity warranty, provided that the original buyer gives us written notice of the claim within twelve (12) months of the date of the auction. We may require full details and supporting evidence of any such claim. Such evidence must be satisfactory to us that the lot is a forgery in accordance with paragraph E2(h)(ii) above and the lot must be returned to us in accordance with E2h(iii) above. Paragraphs E2(b), (c), (d), (e), (f) and (g) and (i) also apply to a claim under these categories. (l) Chinese, Japanese and Korean artefacts (excluding Chinese, Japanese and Korean calligraphy, paintings, prints, drawings and jewellery). In these categories, paragraph E2 (b) – (e) above shall be amended so that where no maker or artist is identified, the authenticity warranty is given not only for the Heading but also for information regarding date or period shown in UPPERCASE type in the second line of the catalogue description (the “Subheading”). Accordingly, all references to the Heading in paragraph E2 (b) – (e) above shall be read as references to both the Heading and the Subheading. F PAYMENT 1 HOW TO PAY (a) Immediately following the auction, you must pay the purchase price being: (i) the hammer price; and (ii) the buyer’s premium; and (iii) any duties, goods, sales, use, compensating or service tax. Payment is due no later than by the end of the 7th calendar day following the date of the auction (the “due date”). (b) We will only accept payment from the registered bidder. Once issued, we cannot change the buyer’s name on an invoice or re-issue the invoice in a different name. You must pay immediately even if you want to export the lot and you need an export licence. (c) You must pay for lots bought at Christie’s in Hong Kong in the currency stated on the invoice in one of the following ways: (i) Christie’s is pleased to offer clients the option of viewing invoices, paying and arranging shipping online through MyChristie’s. To log in, or if you have yet to create an online account, please go to: www. christies.com/MyChristies. While this service is available for most lots, payment and shipping must be arranged offline for some items. Please contact Post-Sale Services directly to coordinate. (ii) Wire transfer You must make payments to: HSBC Head Office 1 Queen’s Road, Central, Hong Kong Bank code: 004 Account No. 062-305438-001 Account Name: Christie’s Hong Kong Limited SWIFT: HSBCHKHHHKH (iii) Credit Card. We accept most major credit cards subject to certain conditions. We accept payments in person by credit card up to HK$1,000,000 per auction sale although conditions and restrictions apply. China Union Pay is accepted with no limits on amounts. To make a ‘cardholder not present’ (CNP) payment, we accept payment up to HK$1,000,000 per auction sale. CNP payments cannot be accepted by all salerooms and are subject to certain restrictions. Details of the conditions and restrictions applicable to credit card payments are available from our Post-Sale Services Department, whose details are set out in paragraph (d) below. (iv) Cash We accept cash subject to a maximum of HKD 80,000 per buyer per year at our Post-Sale Services Department only (subject to conditions). (v) Banker’s draft You must make these payable to Christie’s Hong Kong Limited and there may be conditions. (vi) Cheque You must make cheques payable to Christie’s Hong Kong Limited. Cheques must be from accounts in Hong Kong dollar from a Hong Kong bank. (d) You must quote the sale number, your invoice number and client number when making a payment. All payments sent by post must be sent to: Christie’s, Post-Sale Services Department, 22nd Floor Alexandra House, 18 Chater Road, Central, Hong Kong. (e) For more information please contact our PostSale Services Department by phone on +852 2760 1766 or email to postsaleasia@christies.com. 2 TRANSFERRING OWNERSHIP TO YOU You will not own the lot and ownership of the lot will not pass to you until we have received full and clear payment of the purchase price, even in circumstances where we have released the lot to the buyer. 3 TRANSFERRING RISK TO YOU The risk in and responsibility for the lot will transfer to you from whichever is the earlier of the following: (a) When you collect the lot; or (b) At the end of the 30th day following the date of the auction or, if earlier, the date the lot is taken into care by a third party warehouse unless we have agreed otherwise with you in writing. 4 WHAT HAPPENS IF YOU DO NOT PAY (a) If you fail to pay us the purchase price in full by the due date, we will be entitled to do one or more of the following (as well as enforce our rights under paragraph F5 and any other rights or remedies we have by law): (i) to charge interest from the due date at a rate of 7% a year above the 3-month HIBOR rate from time to time on the unpaid amount due; (ii) we can cancel the sale of the lot. If we do this, we may sell the lot again, publically or privately on such terms we shall think necessary or appropriate, in which case you must pay us any shortfall between the purchase price and the proceeds from the resale. You must also pay all costs, expenses, losses, damages and legal fees we have to pay or may suffer and any shortfall in the seller’s commission on the resale; (iii) we can pay the seller an amount up to the net proceeds payable in respect of the amount bid by your default in which case you acknowledge and understand that Christie’s will have all of the rights of the seller to pursue you for such amounts; (iv) we can hold you legally responsible for the purchase price and may begin legal proceedings to recover it together with other losses, interest, legal fees and costs as far as we are allowed by law; (v) we can take what you owe us from any amounts which we or any company in the Christie’s Group may owe you (including any deposit or other partpayment which you have paid to us); (vi) we can, at our option, reveal your identity and contact details to the seller; (vii) we can reject at any future auction any bids made by you or on your behalf or to obtain a deposit from you before accepting any bids; (viii)to exercise all the rights and remedies of a person holding security over any property in our possession owned by you, whether by way of pledge, security interest or in any other way as permitted by the law of the place where such property is located. You will be deemed to have granted such security to us and we may retain such property as collateral security for your obligations to us; and (ix) we can take any other action we see necessary or appropriate. (b) If you owe money to us or to another Christie’s Group company, we can use any amount you do pay, including any deposit or other part-payment you have made to us, or which we owe you, to pay off any amount you owe to us or another Christie’s Group company for any transaction. (c) If you make payment in full after the due date, and we choose to accept such payment we may charge you storage and transport costs from the date that is 31 calendar days following the auction in accordance with paragraphs G(d)(i) and (ii). In such circumstances paragraph G(d)(iv) shall apply. 5 KEEPING YOUR PROPERTY If you owe money to us or to another Christie’s Group company, as well as the rights set out in F4 above, we can use or deal with any of your property we hold or which is held by another Christie’s Group company in any way we are allowed to by law. We will only release your property to you after you pay us or the relevant Christie’s Group company in full for what you owe. However, if we choose, we can also sell your property in any way we think appropriate. We will use the proceeds of the sale against any amounts you owe us and we will pay any amount left from that sale to you. If there is a shortfall, you must pay us any difference between the amount we have received from the sale and the amount you owe us. G COLLECTION AND STORAGE (a) We ask that you collect purchased lots promptly following the auction (but note that you may not collect any lot until you have made full and clear payment of all amounts due to us). (b) For information on collecting lots, Please contact Christie’s Post-Sale Services Department on +852 2760 1766 / Email: postsaleasia@christies.com (c) If you do not collect any lot promptly following the auction we can, at our option, remove the lot to another Christie’s location or an affiliate or third party warehouse. (d) If you do not collect a lot by the end of the 30th day following the date of the auction, unless otherwise agreed in writing: (i) we will charge you storage costs from that date. (ii) we can, at our option, move the lot to or within an affiliate or third party warehouse and charge you transport costs and administrative fees for doing so. (iii) we may sell the lot in any commercially reasonable way we think appropriate. (iv) the storage terms which can be found at www. christies.com/storage shall apply. (v) nothing in this paragraph is intended to limit our rights under paragraph F4. H TRANSPORT AND SHIPPING 1 TRANSPORT AND SHIPPING We will enclose a transport and shipping form with each invoice sent to you. You must make all transport and shipping arrangements. However, we can arrange to pack, transport and ship your property if you ask us to and pay the costs of doing so. We recommend that you ask us for an estimate, especially for any large items or items of high value that need professional packing before you bid. We may also suggest other handlers, packers, transporters or experts if you ask us to do so. For more information, please contact Christie’s PostSale Services Department by phone on +852 2760 1766 or email to postsaleasia@christies.com. We will take reasonable care when we are handling, packing, transporting and shipping a lot. However, if we recommend another company for any of these purposes, we are not responsible for their acts, failure to act or neglect. 2 EXPORT AND IMPORT Any lot sold at auction may be affected by laws on exports from the country in which it is sold and the import restrictions of other countries. Many countries require a declaration of export for property leaving the country and/or an import declaration on entry of property into the country. Local laws may prevent you from importing a lot or may prevent you selling a lot in the country you import it into. We will not be obliged to cancel your purchase and refund the purchase price if your lot may not be exported, imported or it is seized for any reason by a government authority. It is your responsibility to determine and satisfy the requirements of any applicable laws or regulations relating to the export or import of any lot you purchase. (a) You alone are responsible for getting advice about and meeting the requirements of any laws or regulations which apply to exporting or importing any lot prior to bidding. If you are refused a licence or there is a delay in getting one, you must still pay us in full for the lot. We may be able to help you apply for the appropriate licences if you ask us to and pay our fee for doing so. However, we cannot guarantee that you will get one. For more information, please contact Christie’s Post-Sale Services Department by phone on +852 2760 1766 or email to postsaleasia@christies.com. (b) You alone are responsible for any applicable taxes, tariffs or other government-imposed charges relating to the export or import of the lot. If Christie’s 216 exports or imports the lot on your behalf, and if Christie’s pays these applicable taxes, tariffs or other government-imposed charges, you agree to refund that amount to Christie’s. (c) Lots made of protected species Lots made of or including (regardless of the percentage) endangered and other protected species of wildlife are marked with the symbol ~ in the catalogue. This material includes, among other things, ivory, tortoiseshell, crocodile skin, rhinoceros horn, whalebone certain species of coral, and rosewood. You should check the relevant customs laws and regulations before bidding on any lot containing wildlife material if you plan to import the lot into another country. Several countries refuse to allow you to import property containing these materials, and some other countries require a licence from the relevant regulatory agencies in the countries of exportation as well as importation. In some cases, the lot can only be shipped with an independent scientific confirmation of species and/or age and you will need to obtain these at your own cost. If a lot contains elephant ivory, or any other wildlife material that could be confused with elephant ivory, (for example, mammoth ivory, walrus ivory, helmeted hornbill ivory) please see further important information in paragraph (c) if you are proposing to import the lot into the USA. We will not be obliged to cancel your purchase and refund the purchase price if your lot may not be exported, imported or it is seized for any reason by a government authority. It is your responsibility to determine and satisfy the requirements of any applicable laws or regulations relating to the export or import of property containing such protected or regulated material. (d) US import ban on African elephant ivory The USA prohibits the import of ivory from the African elephant. Any lot containing elephant ivory or other wildlife material that could be easily confused with elephant ivory (for example, mammoth ivory, walrus ivory, helmeted hornbill ivory) can only be imported into the US with results of a rigorous scientific test acceptable to Fish & Wildlife, which confirms that the material is not African elephant ivory. Where we have conducted such rigorous scientific testing on a lot prior to sale, we will make this clear in the lot description. In all other cases, we cannot confirm whether a lot contains African elephant ivory, and you will buy that lot at your own risk and be responsible for any scientific test or other reports required for import into the USA at your own cost. If such scientific test is inconclusive or confirms the material is from the African elephant, we will not be obliged to cancel your purchase and refund the purchase price. (e) Lots of Iranian origin Some countries prohibit or restrict the purchase and/ or import of Iranian-origin “works of conventional craftsmanship” (works that are not by a recognized artist and/or that have a function, for example: carpets, bowls, ewers, tiles, ornamental boxes). For example, the USA prohibits the import of this type of property and its purchase by US persons (wherever located). Other countries, such as Canada, only permit the import of this property in certain circumstances. As a convenience to buyers, Christie’s indicates under the title of a lot if the lot originates from Iran (Persia). It is your responsibility to ensure you do not bid on or import a lot in contravention of the sanctions or trade embargoes that apply to you. (f) Gold Gold of less than 18ct does not qualify in all countries as ‘gold’ and may be refused import into those countries as ‘gold’. (g) Watches Many of the watches offered for sale in this catalogue are pictured with straps made of endangered or protected animal materials such as alligator or crocodile. These lots are marked with the symbol Ψ in the catalogue. These endangered species straps are shown for display purposes only and are not for sale. Christie’s will remove and retain the strap prior to shipment from the sale site. At some sale sites, Christie’s may, at its discretion, make the displayed endangered species strap available to the buyer of the lot free of charge if collected in person from the sale site within 1 year of the date of the sale. Please check with the department for details on a particular lot. For all symbols and other markings referred to in paragraph H2, please note that lots are marked as a convenience to you, but we do not accept liability for errors or for failing to mark lots. I OUR LIABILITY TO YOU (a) We give no warranty in relation to any statement made, or information given, by us or our representatives or employees, about any lot other than as set out in the authenticity warranty and, as far as we are allowed by law, all warranties and other terms which may be added to this agreement by law are excluded. The seller’s warranties contained in paragraph E1 are their own and we do not have any liability to you in relation to those warranties. (b) (i) We are not responsible to you for any reason (whether for breaking this agreement or any other matter relating to your purchase of, or bid for, any lot) other than in the event of fraud or fraudulent misrepresentation by us or other than as expressly set out in these conditions of sale; and (ii) We do not give any representation, warranty or guarantee or assume any liability of any kind in respect of any lot with regard to merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, description, size, quality, condition, attribution, authenticity, rarity, importance, medium, provenance, exhibition history, literature, or historical relevance. Except as required by local law, any warranty of any kind is excluded by this paragraph. (c) In particular, please be aware that our written and telephone bidding services, Christie’s LIVE?, condition reports, currency converter and saleroom video screens are free services and we are not responsible to you for any error (human or otherwise), omission, breakdown, or delay, unavailability, suspension or termination of any of these services. (d) We have no responsibility to any person other than a buyer in connection with the purchase of any lot. (e) If, in spite of the terms in paragraphs (a) to (d) or E2(i) above, we are found to be liable to you for any reason, we shall not have to pay more than the purchase price paid by you to us. We will not be responsible to you for any reason for loss of profits or business, loss of opportunity or value, expected savings or interest, costs, damages, or expenses. J OTHER TERMS 1 OUR ABILITY TO CANCEL In addition to the other rights of cancellation contained in this agreement, we can cancel a sale of a lot if we reasonably believe that completing the transaction is, or may be, unlawful or that the sale places us or the seller under any liability to anyone else or may damage our reputation. 2 RECORDINGS We may videotape and record proceedings at any auction. We will keep any personal information confidential, except to the extent disclosure is required by law. However, we may, through this process, use or share these recordings with another Christie’s Group company and marketing partners to analyse our customers and to help us to tailor our services for buyers. If you do not want to be videotaped, you may make arrangements to make a telephone or written bid or bid on Christie’s LIVE? instead. Unless we agree otherwise in writing, you may not videotape or record proceedings at any auction. 3 COPYRIGHT We own the copyright in all images, illustrations and written material produced by or for us relating to a lot (including the contents of our catalogues unless otherwise noted in the catalogue). You cannot use them without our prior written permission. We do not offer any guarantee that you will gain any copyright or other reproduction rights to the lot. 4 ENFORCING THIS AGREEMENT If a court finds that any part of this agreement is not valid or is illegal or impossible to enforce, that part of the agreement will be treated as being deleted and the rest of this agreement will not be affected. 5 TRANSFERRING YOUR RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES You may not grant a security over or transfer your rights or responsibilities under these terms on the contract of sale with the buyer unless we have given our written permission. This agreement will be binding on your successors or estate and anyone who takes over your rights and responsibilities. 6 TRANSLATIONS If we have provided a translation of this agreement, we will use the English version in deciding any issues or disputes which arise under this agreement. 7 PERSONAL INFORMATION We will hold and process your personal information and may pass it to another Christie’s Group company for use as described in, and in line with, our privacy policy at www.christies.com. If you are a resident of California you can see a copy of our California Consumer Privacy Act statement at https://www.christies.com/about-us/contact/ccpa. 8 WAIVER No failure or delay to exercise any right or remedy provided under these Conditions of Sale shall constitute a waiver of that or any other right or remedy, nor shall it prevent or restrict the further exercise of that or any other right or remedy. No single or partial exercise of such right or remedy shall prevent or restrict the further exercise of that or any other right or remedy. 9 LAW AND DISPUTES The rights and obligations of the parties with respect to these Conditions of Sale, the conduct of the auction and any matters connected with any of the foregoing shall be governed and interpreted by the Hong Kong laws. By bidding at auction, whether present in person or by agent, by written bid, telephone or other means, the buyer shall be deemed to have accepted these Conditions and submitted, for the benefit of Christie’s, to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Hong Kong courts, and also accepted that Christie’s also has the right to pursue remedies in any other jurisdiction in order to recover any outstanding sums due from the buyer. 10 REPORTING ON WWW.CHRISTIES.COM Details of all lots sold by us, including catalogue descriptions and prices, may be reported on www. christies.com. Sales totals are hammer price plus buyer’s premium and do not reflect costs, financing fees, or application of buyer’s or seller’s credits. We regret that we cannot agree to requests to remove these details from www.christies.com. K GLOSSARY auctioneer : individual auctioneer and/or Christie’s. authentic : a genuine example, rather than a copy or forgery of: (i) the work of a particular artist, author or manufacturer, if the lot is described in the Heading as the work of that artist, author or manufacturer; (ii) a work created within a particular period or culture, if the lot is described in the Heading as a work created during that period or culture; (iii) a work for a particular origin source if the lot is described in the Heading as being of that origin or source; or (iv) in the case of gems, a work which is made of a particular material, if the lot is described in the Heading as being made of that material. authenticity warranty : the guarantee we give in this agreement that a lot is authentic as set out in section E2 of this agreement. buyer’s premium : the charge the buyer pays us along with the hammer price. catalogue description : the description of a lot in the catalogue for the auction, as amended by any saleroom notice. Christie’s Group : Christie’s International Plc, its subsidiaries and other companies within its corporate group. condition : the physical condition of a lot. due date : has the meaning given to it paragraph F1(a). estimate : the price range included in the catalogue or any saleroom notice within which we believe a lot may sell. Low estimate means the lower figure in the range and high estimate means the higher figure. The mid estimate is the midpoint between the two. hammer price : the amount of the highest bid the auctioneer accepts for the sale of a lot. Heading : has the meaning given to it in paragraph E2. lot : an item to be offered at auction (or two or more items to be offered at auction as a group). other damages : any special, consequential, incidental or indirect damages of any kind or any damages which fall within the meaning of ‘special’, ‘incidental’ or ‘consequential’ under local law. purchase price : has the meaning given to it in paragraph F1(a). provenance : the ownership history of a lot. qualified : has the meaning given to it in paragraph E2 and Qualified Headings means the section headed Qualified Headings on the page of the catalogue headed ‘Important Notices and Explanation of Cataloguing Practice’. reserve : the confidential amount below which we will not sell a lot. saleroom notice : a written notice posted next to the lot in the saleroom and on www.christies.com, which is also read to prospective telephone bidders and notified to clients who have left commission bids, or an announcement made by the auctioneer either at the beginning of the sale, or before a particular lot is auctioned. Subheading : has the meaning given to it in paragraph E2. UPPER CASE type : means having all capital letters. warranty : a statement or representation in which the person making it guarantees that the facts set out in it are correct. 217 業務規定?買方須知 業務規定 業務規定和重要通知及目錄編列方法之說明 列明佳士得拍賣刊載在本目錄中拍賣品的條 款。 通過登記競投和 / 或在拍賣會中競投即表示 您同意接受這些條款，因此，您須在競投之 前仔細閱讀這些條款。下述粗體字體詞語的 解釋在尾部詞匯表列明。 除非佳士得擁有拍賣品所有權（以?標示）， 佳士得為賣方的代理人。 A. 拍賣之前 1. 拍賣品描述 (a) 目錄描述部分使用的某些詞匯有特殊意 義。詳情請見構成條款部分的重要通知 及目錄編列方法之說明。對目錄內的標 識的解釋，請見本目錄內“本目錄中使 用的各類標識”。 (b) 本公司在本目錄中對任何拍賣品的描 述，拍賣品狀况報告及其它陳述（不管 是口頭還是書面），包括拍賣品性質或 狀况、藝術家、時期、材料、概略尺寸 或來源均屬我們意見之表述，而不應被 作為事實之陳述。我們不像專業的歷史 學家及學者那樣進行深入的研究。所有 的尺寸及重量僅為粗略估計。 2. 對於拍賣品描述佳士得所負的責任 我們不對拍賣品的性質提供任何保證，除了 下述第 E2 段的真品保證以及第 I 段另有約 定。 3. 狀况 (a) 在我們拍賣會上拍賣的拍賣品狀况可因 年代、先前損壞、修復、修理及損耗等 因素而差異甚大。其性質即意味著幾乎 不可能處於完美的狀况。拍賣品是按照 其在拍賣之時的情况以“現狀”出售， 而且不包括佳士得或賣方的任何陳述或 保證或對於狀况的任何形式的責任承 擔。 (b) 在本目錄條目或狀况報告中提及狀况不 等同於對狀况的完整描述，圖片可能不 會清晰展示出拍賣品。拍賣品的色彩和 明暗度在印刷品或屏幕上看起來可能會 與實體檢查時的情况不同。狀况報告可 協助您評估拍賣品的狀况。為方便買 方，狀况報告為免費提供，僅作為指引。 狀况報告提供了我們的意見，但是可能 未指出所有的缺陷、內在瑕疵、修復、 更改及改造，因為我們的僱員不是專業 修復或維護人員。出於這個原因，他們 不能替代您親自檢查拍賣品或您自己尋 求的專業意見。買方有責任確保自己已 經要求提供、收悉及考慮了任何狀况報 告。 4. 拍賣之前檢查拍賣品 (a) 如果您計劃競投一件拍賣品，應親自或 通過具有專業知識之代表檢視，以確保 您接受拍賣品描述及狀况。我們建議您 從專業修復人員或其它專業顧問那裏索 取意見。 (b) 拍賣之前的檢視免費向公衆開放。在拍 賣之前的檢視或通過預約，我們的專家 可在場回答問題。 5. 估價 估價是基於拍賣品的狀况、稀有程度、質 量、來源及類似物品的近期拍價決定。估價 可能會改變。您或任何其他人在任何情况下 都不可能依賴估價，將其作為拍賣品的實際 售價的預測或保證。估價不包括買方酬金或 任何適用的稅費。估價可能以拍賣場當地貨 幣以外的貨幣顯示並僅作指引。本目錄使用 的貨幣兌換率是根據最貼近目錄付印時的兌 換率設定，所以可能與拍賣當日兌換率有差 別。 6. 撤回 佳士得有權單方面决定在拍賣品拍賣過程中 或拍賣之前的任何時間將拍賣品撤回。佳士 得無須就任何撤回决定向您承擔責任。 7. 珠寶 (a) 有色寶石（如紅寶石、藍寶石及綠寶石） 可能經過處理以改良外觀，包括加熱及 上油等方法。這些方法都被國際珠寶行 業認可，但是經處理的寶石的硬度可能 會降低及 / 或在日後需要特殊的保養。 (b) 所有類型的寶石均可能經過某些改良處 理。如果某件拍賣品沒有報告，您可以 在拍賣日之前至少提前三周向我們要求 寶石鑒定報告，報告的費用由您支付。 (c) 我們不會為每件拍賣的寶石拿取鑒定報 告。若我們有從國際認可的寶石鑒定實 驗室取得鑒定報告，我們會在目錄中提 及。從美國寶石鑒定實驗室發出的鑒定 報告會描述對寶石的改良或處理。歐洲 寶石鑒定實驗室的報告僅在我們要求的 時候，才會提及對寶石的改良及處理， 但是該報告會確認該寶石沒有被改良或 處理。因各實驗室使用方法和技術的差 異，對某寶石是否處理過、處理的程度 或處理是否為永久性，都可能持不同意 見。寶石鑒定實驗室僅對報告作出日之 前實驗室所知悉的改進及處理進行報 告。 (d) 對於珠寶銷售來說，估價是以寶石鑒定報 告中的信息為基礎，如果沒有報告，就會 認為寶石可能已經被處理或提升過。 8. 鐘錶 (a) 幾乎所有的鐘錶在使用期內都被修理 過，可能都含有非原裝零部件。我們 不能保證任何鐘錶的任何個別零部件 都是原裝。被陳述為“關聯”字樣的 錶帶不是原裝錶的部分，可能不是真 品。拍賣的鐘可能跟隨沒有鐘擺、鐘 錘或鑰匙出售。 (b) 收藏家等級的鐘錶經常有非常精細複雜 的機械構造，可能需要一般保養服務、 更換電池或進一步的修理工作，而這些 都由買方負責。我們不保證每一隻鐘錶 都是在良好運作狀態。除非目錄中有提 及，我們不提供證書。 (c) 大多數的錶都被打開過查看機芯的型號 及質量。因為這個原因，帶有防水錶殼 的錶可能不能防水，在使用之前我們建 議您讓專業鐘錶師事先檢驗。 手錶及錶帶的拍賣及運送方面的重要信息， 請見第 H2(f) 段。 B. 登記競投 1. 新競投人 (a) 如果這是您第一次在佳士得競投，或者 您曾參與我們的拍賣，但在過去兩年內 未曾從任何佳士得拍賣場成功競投過任 何東西，您必須在拍賣之前至少 48 個 小時登記，以給我們足够的時間來處理 及批准您的登記。我們有權單方面不允 許您登記成為競投人。您需提供以下資 料： (i) 個人客戶：帶有照片的身份證明（駕 照執照、國民身份證或護照）及（如 果身份證文件上沒有顯示現時住址 資料）現時住址證明，如：用事業 帳單或銀行月結單。 (ii) 公司客戶：顯示名稱及注冊地址的 公司注冊證明或類似文件，公司地 址證明，被授權競投者附有相片的 身份證文件，由法定代表人簽署及 蓋有公司章（若有）的競投授權書， 以及列出所有董事和最終受益人的 文件證明。 (iii) 信托、合夥、離岸公司及其它業務 結構，請提前聯繫我們商談要求。 (b) 我們可能要求您向我們提供財務證明 及 / 或押金作為許可您競投的條件。如 需幫助，請聯繫我們的客戶服務部： +852 2760 1766。 2. 再次參與競投的客人 我們可選擇要求您提供以上 B1(a) 段所提 及的現時身份證明，財務證明及 / 或押金作 為許可您競投的條件。如果您過去兩年中 沒有從我們的拍賣會成功投得拍賣品，或 者您本次擬出價金額高於過往，請聯繫我 們的投標部：+852 2978 9910 或電郵至 bidsasia@christies.com 3. 如果您未能提供正確的文件 如果我們認為，您未能滿足我們對競投者身 份及登記手續的要求，包括但不限於完成及 滿足本公司可能要求進行的所有反洗黑錢和 / 或反恐佈主義財政審查，我們可能會不允 許您登記競投，而如果您成功投得拍賣品， 我們可能撤銷您與賣方之間的買賣合約。佳 士得有權單方面決定所須的身份證明文件類 別，作為滿足我們對競投者身份及登記手續 的要求。 218 4. 代表他人競投 (a) 作為授權競投人：如果您代表他人競投， 在競投前，委託人需要完成以上的登記 手續及提供已簽署的授權書，授權您代 表其競投。 (b) 作為隱名委托人的代理人：如果您以代 理人身份為隱名委托人（最終的買方） 進行競投，您同意承擔支付購買款項和 所有其他應付款項的個人責任。並且， 您保證： (i) 您已經根據所有適用的反洗黑錢及 制裁法律對拍賣品的最終的買方進 行必要的客戶盡職調查，同意我們 依賴該盡職調查。並且，您將在不 少於 5 年的期間裏保存證明盡職調 查的文件和記錄。 (ii) 您在收到我們書面要求後可以將證 明盡職調查的文件和記錄立即提供 給獨立第三方審計人員即時查閱。 我們不會向任何第三方披露上述文 件和記錄，除非 (1) 它已經在公共 領域存在，(2) 根據法律要求須被披 露，(3) 符合反洗黑錢法律規定。 (iii) 您和最終的買方之間的安排不是為 了便於任何涉稅犯罪。 (iv) 您不知曉並且沒有理由懷疑用於結 算的資金和任何犯罪收入有關或最 終的買方因洗黑錢，恐怖活動或其 他基於洗黑錢的犯罪而被調查，被 起訴或被定罪。 除非競投人和佳士得在拍賣開始前書面同意 競投人僅作為佳士得認可並指定的第三方的 代理參與競投並且佳士得只會向該指定第三 方收取付款，競投人同意就繳付購買款項和 所有其他應付款項負上個人法律責任。 5. 親自出席競投 如果您希望在拍賣現場競投，必須在拍賣舉 行前至少 30 分鐘辦理登記手續，並索取競 投號碼牌。如需協助，請聯繫客戶服務部： +852 2760 1766。 6. 競投服務 下述的競投服務是為方便客戶而設，如果在 提供該服務出現任何錯誤（人為或其它）， 遺漏或故障，佳士得均不負上任何責任。 (A) 電話競投 您必須在拍賣開始前至少 24 小時辨理申請 電話競投，也可在佳士得微信小程序中申請 電話競投。佳士得只會在能夠安排人員協 助電話競投的情況下接受電話競投。估價低 於港幣 30,000 元之拍賣品將不接受電話競 投。若需要以英語外的其他語言進行競投， 須儘早在拍賣之前預先安排。電話競投將可 被錄音。以電話競投即代表您同意其對話被 錄音。您同意電話競投受業務規定管限。 (B) 在 Christie’s LIVE? 網絡競投 在某些拍賣會，我們會接受網絡競投。請 登 入 https://www.christies.com/auctions/ christies-live-on-mobile。如需網路競投，您 必須在拍賣開始前至少 24 小時辨理申請。網 絡競投受業務規定及 Christie’s Live? 使用條 款的管限，詳情請見 https://www.christies. com/LiveBidding/OnlineTermsOfUse.aspx 網站。 (C) 書面競投 您可於本目錄，任何佳士得辦公室或通過 www.christies.com 或佳士得微信小程序選 擇拍賣並查看拍賣品取得書面競投表格。您 必須在拍賣開始前至少 24 小時提交已經填 妥的書面競投表格。投標必須是以拍賣會當 地的貨幣為單位。拍賣官將在參考底價後， 合理地履行書面競投務求以可能的最低價行 使書面標。如果您以書面競投一件沒有底價 的拍賣品，而且沒有其他更高叫價，我們會 為您以低端估價的 50% 進行競投；或如果 您的書面標比上述更低，則以您的書面標的 價格進行競投。如佳士得收到多個競投價相 等的書面競投，而在拍賣時此等競投價乃該 拍賣品之最高出價，則該拍賣品售給最先送 達其書面競投書給本公司之競投人。 C. 舉行拍賣 1. 進入拍賣現場 我們有權不允許任何人士進入拍賣場地，參 與拍賣，亦可拒絕接受任何競投。 2. 底價 除非另外列明，所有拍賣品均有底價。不定 有底價的拍賣品，在拍賣品號碼旁邊用? 標記。底價不會高於拍賣品的低端估價。 3. 拍賣官之酌情權 拍賣官可以酌情選擇： (a) 拒絕接受任何競投； (b) 以其决定方式將競投提前或拖後，或改 變拍賣品的順序； (c) 撤回任何拍賣品； (d) 將任何拍賣品分開拍賣或將兩件或多件 拍賣品合併拍賣； (e) 重開或繼續競投，即便已經下槌； (f) 如果有關於競投的錯誤或者爭議，無論 是在拍賣時或拍賣後，選擇繼續拍賣、 決定誰是成功競投人、取消拍賣品的拍 賣，或是將拍賣品重新拍賣或出售。如 果您相信拍賣官在接受成功投標時存在 錯誤，您必須在拍賣日後 3 個工作天 內提供一份詳細記述您訴求的書面通 知。拍賣官將本著真誠考慮該訴求。如 果拍賣官在根據本段行使酌情權，在拍 賣完成後決定取消出售一件拍賣品，或 是將拍賣品重新拍賣或出售，拍賣官最 遲將在拍賣日後第 7 個日曆日結束前通 知成功競投人。拍賣官有最終決定權。 本段不在任何情況下影響佳士得依據本 業務規定中任何其他適用規定，包括 第 B(3)，E(2)(i)，F(4) 及 J(1) 段中所 列的取消權，取消出售一件拍賣品的權 利。 4. 競投 拍賣官接受以下競投： (a) 拍賣會場參與競投的競投人； (b) 從電話競投人，通過Christie’s Live?（如 第 B6 部分所示）透過網絡競投的競投 人； (c) 拍賣之前提交佳士得的書面競投（也稱 為不在場競投或委托競投）。 5. 代表賣方競投 拍賣官可選擇代賣方競投的方式連續競投或 以回應其他競投者的投標而競投的方式，直 至達到底價以下。拍賣官不會特別指明此乃 代表賣方的競投。拍賣官不會代表賣方作出 相等於或高於底價之出價。就不設底價的 拍賣品，拍賣官通常會以低端估價的 50% 開始拍賣。如果在此價位沒有人競投，拍 賣官可以自行斟酌將價格下降繼續拍賣， 直至有人競投，然後從該價位向上拍賣。 如果無人競投該拍賣品，拍賣官可視該拍賣 品為流拍拍賣品。 6. 競投價遞增幅度 競投通常從低於低端估計開始，然後逐步增 加（競投價遞增幅度）。拍賣官會自行决定 競投開始價位及遞增幅度。本目錄內的書面 競投表格上顯示的是一般遞增幅度，僅供閣 下參考。 7. 貨幣兌換 拍賣會的顯示板，Christie’s Live? 和佳士得 網站可能會以拍賣場當地貨幣外的主要貨幣 來展示競投。任何佳士得使用的兌換率僅作 指引，佳士得並不受其約束。對於在提供該 服務出現的任何錯誤（人為或其它），遺漏 或故障，佳士得並不負責。 8. 成功競投 除非拍賣官决定使用以上 C3 段中的酌情 權，拍賣官下槌即表示對最終競投價之接 受。這代表賣方和成功競投人之間的買賣合 約之訂立。我們僅向已登記的成功競投人開 具發票。拍賣後我們會以郵寄及 / 或電子郵 件方式發送發票，但我們並不負責通知閣下 競投是否成功。如果您以書面競投，拍賣後 您應儘快以電話聯繫我們或親臨本公司查詢 競投結果，以避免產生不必要的倉儲費用。 9. 競投地法律 當您在我們的拍賣中競投時，您同意您會嚴 格遵守所有在拍賣時生效並適用於相關拍賣 場所的當地法律及法規。 D. 買方酬金及稅款 1. 買方酬金 成功競投人除支付成交價外，亦同意支 付本公司以該拍賣品成交價計算的買方 酬金。酬金費率按每件拍賣品成交價首 港 幣 7,500,000 元 之 26%； 加 逾 港 幣 7,500,000 元以上至港幣 50,000,000 元 部分之 20%；加逾港幣 50,000,000 元以 上之 14.5% 計算。 2. 稅費 成功競投者將負責所有適用拍賣品稅費，包 括增值稅，銷售或補償使用稅費或者所有基 於成交價和買方酬金而產生的該等稅費。買 方有責任查明並支付所有應付稅費。在任何 情况下香港法律先决適用。佳士得建議您徵 詢獨立稅務意見。 有關佳士得運送至美國的拍賣品，不論買方 國籍或公民身份，均可能須支付基於成交 價，買方酬金和 / 或與拍賣品相關的其他費 用而產生的州銷售稅或使用稅費。佳士得將 根據法律要求收取銷售稅。適用銷售稅率由 拍賣品將運送到的州分，縣，地點而决定。 要求豁免銷售稅的成功競投人必須在提取拍 賣品之前向佳士得提供適當文件。佳士得不 須收取稅費的州分，成功競投人可能須繳付 稅費予該州分的稅務機構。佳士得建議您徵 詢獨立稅務意見。 219 E. 保證 1. 賣方保證 對於每件拍賣品，賣方保證其： (a) 為拍賣品的所有人，或拍賣品的共有人 之一並獲得其他共有人的許可 ; 或者， 如果賣方不是拍賣品的所有人或共有人 之一，其已獲得所有人的授權出售拍賣 品或其在法律上有權這麽做； (b) 有權利將拍賣品的所有權轉讓給買方， 且該權利不負擔任何限制或任何其他人 之索賠權。 如果以上任何保證不確實，賣方不必支付超 過您已向我們支付的購買款項（詳見以下第 F1(a) 段定義）的金額。賣方不會就閣下利 潤上或經營的損失、預期存款、商機喪失或 利息的損失、成本、賠償金、其他賠償或支 出承擔責任。賣方不就任何拍賣品提供任何 以上列舉之外的保證；只要法律許可，所有 賣方對您做出的保證及法律要求加入本協議 的所有其它賣方責任均被免除。 2. 真品保證 在不抵觸以下條款的情況下，本公司保證我 們拍賣的拍賣品都是真品（我們的“真品保 證”）。如果在拍賣日後的五年內，您通知 我們您的拍賣品不是真品，在符合以下條款 規定之下，我們將把您支付的購買款項退還 給您。業務規定的詞匯表裏有對“真品”一 詞做出解釋。真品保證條款如下： (a) 我們對在拍賣日後 5 年內提供的申索通 知提供真品保證。此期限過後，我們不 再提供真品保證。 (b) 我們只會對本目錄描述第一行（“標 題”）以大階字體注明的資料作出真品 保證。除了標題中顯示的資料，我們不 對任何標題以外的資料（包括標題以外 的大階字體注明）作出任何保證。 (c) 真品保證不適用有保留標題或任何有保 留的部分標題。有保留是指受限於拍賣 品目錄描述內的解釋，或者標題中有 “重要通告及目錄編列方法之說明”內 有保留標題的某些字眼。例如：標題中 對“認為是…之作品”的使用指佳士得 認為拍賣品可能是某位藝術家的作品， 但是佳士得不保證該作品一定是該藝術 家的作品。在競投前，請閱畢“有保留 標題”列表及拍賣品的目錄描述。 (d) 真品保證適用於被拍賣會通告修訂後的 標題。 (e) 真品保證不適用於在拍賣之後，學術發 展導致被普遍接受的學者或專家意見有 所改變。此保證亦不適用於在拍賣日 時，標題乎合被普遍接受的學者或專家 的意見，或標題指出意見衝突的地方。 (f) 如果拍賣品只有通過科學鑒定方法才能 鑒定出不是真品，而在我們出版目錄之 日，該科學方法還未存在或未被普遍接 納，或價格太昂貴或不實際，或者可能 損壞拍賣品，則真品保證不適用。 (g) 真品保證僅適用於拍賣品在拍賣時由佳 士得發出之發票之原本買方，且僅在申 索通知做出之日原本買方是拍賣品的唯 一所有人，且拍賣品不受其他申索權、 權利主張或任何其他制約的限制。此真 品保證中的利益不可以轉讓。 (h) 要申索真品保證下的權利，您必須： (i) 在拍賣日後 5 年內，向我們提供書 面的申索通知。我們可以要求您提 供上述申索完整的細節及佐證證據； (ii) 佳士得有權要求您提供為佳士得及 您均事先同意的在此拍賣品領域被 認可的兩位專家的書面意見，確認 該拍賣品不是真品。如果我們有任 何疑問，我們保留自己支付費用獲 取更多意見的權利；及 (iii) 自費交回與拍賣時狀況相同的拍賣 品給佳士得拍賣場。 (i) 您在本真品保證下唯一的權利就是取消 該項拍賣及取回已付的購買款項。在任 何情况下我們不須支付您超過您已向我 們支付的購買款項的金額，同時我們也 無須對任何利潤或經營損失、商機或價 值喪失、預期存款或利息、成本、賠償 金或其他賠償或支出承擔責任。 (j) 書籍。如果拍賣品為書籍，我們提供額 外自拍賣日起為期 14 天的保證，如經 校對後，拍賣品的文本或圖標存有瑕 疵，在以下條款的規限下，我們將退回 已付的購買款項： (a) 此額外保證不適用於： (i) 缺少空白頁、扉頁、保護頁、廣 告、及書籍鑲邊的破損、污漬、 邊緣磨損或其它不影響文本及 圖標完整性的瑕疵； (ii) 繪圖、簽名、書信或手稿；帶有 簽名的照片、音樂唱片、地圖 冊、地圖或期刊； (iii) 沒有標題的書籍； (iv) 沒有標明估價的已出售拍賣品； (v) 目錄中表明售出後不可退貨的 書籍； (vi) 狀况報告中或拍賣時公告的瑕 疵。 (b) 要根據本條規定申索權利，您必須 在拍賣後的 14 天內就有關瑕疵提交 書面通知，並交回與拍賣時狀況相 同的拍賣品給當時進行拍賣的佳士 得拍賣行。 (k) 東南亞現代及當代藝術以及中國書畫。 真品保證並不適用於此類別拍賣品。目前學 術界不容許對此類別作出確實之說明，但佳 士得同意取消被證實為贗品之東南亞現代及 當代藝術以及中國書畫拍賣品之交易。已付 之購買款項則根據佳士得真品保證的條款退 還予原本買方，但買方必須在拍賣日後 12 個月內，向我們提供書面的申索通知。我們 可以要求您提供上述申索完整的細節及佐證 證據。買方需按以上 E2(h)(ii) 的規定提供 令佳士得滿意的證據，證實該拍賣品為贗 品，及須按照以上 E2(h)(iii) 規定交回拍賣 品給我們。E2(b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g)和 (i) 適用於此類別之申索。 (l) 中國、日本及韓國工藝品（中國、日本 及韓國書畫、版畫、素描及珠寶除外）。 以上 E2(b)–(e) 在此類別拍賣品將作修改 如下。當創作者或藝術家未有列明時，我們 不僅為標題作出真品保證，並會對本目錄描 述第二行以大階字體注明的有關日期或時期 的資料提供真品保證（“副標題”）。以上 E2(b)–(e) 所有提及標題之處應被理解為 標題及副標題。 F. 付款 1. 付款方式 (a) 拍賣後，您必須立即支付以下購買款項： (i) 成交價；和 (ii) 買方酬金；和 (iii) 任何關稅、有關貨物、銷售、使用、 補償或服務稅項。 所有款項須於拍賣後 7 個日曆天內悉數付 清（“到期付款日”）。 (b) 我們只接受登記競投人付款。發票一旦 開具，發票上買方的姓名不能更換，我 們亦不能以不同姓名重新開具發票。 即使您欲將拍賣品出口且需要出口許可 證，您也必須立即支付以上款項。 (c) 在香港佳士得購買的拍賣品，您必須按 照發票上顯示的貨幣以下列方式支付： (i) 佳 士 得 通 過“MyChristie’s” 網 上賬戶為客人提供查看發票、付款 及運送服務。您可直接登錄查詢 ( 如您還未註冊線上賬戶，請登錄 www.christies.com/MyChristies 進行註冊 )。本服務適用於大多數拍 賣品，但仍有少數拍賣品的付款和 運送安排不能通過網上進行。如需 協助，請與售後服務部聯絡。 (ii) 電匯至： 香港上海匯豐銀行總行 香港中環皇后大道中 1 號 銀行編號：004 賬號：062-305438-001 賬 名：Christie’s Hong Kong Limited 收款銀行代號：HSBCHKHHHKH (iii) 信用卡 在符合我們的規定下，我們接受各 種主要信用卡付款。本公司每次拍 賣接受總數不超過港幣 1,000,000 元之現場信用卡付款，但有關條款 及限制適用。以中國銀聯支付方式 沒有金額限制。如要以“持卡人不 在場”(CNP) 的方式支付，本公 司每次拍賣接受總數不超過港幣 1,000,000 元之付款。CNP 付款不 適用於所有佳士得拍賣場，並受某 些限制。適用於信用卡付款的條款 和限制可從佳士得的售後服務部獲 取，詳情列於以下 (d) 段： (iv) 現金 本公司每年只接受每位買方總數不 超過港幣 80,000 元之現金付款（須 受有關條件約束）； (v) 銀行匯票 抬頭請注明「佳士得香港有限公司」 （須受有關條件約束）； (vi) 支票 抬頭請注明「佳士得香港有限公 司」。支票必須於香港銀行承兌並 以港幣支付。 (d) 支付時請注明拍賣號碼、發票號碼及客戶 號碼；以郵寄方式支付必須發送到：佳士 得香港有限公司，售後服務部（地址：香 港中環遮打道 18 號歷山大廈 22 樓）。 (e) 如要瞭解更多信息，請聯繫售後服務 部。電話 +852 2760 1766 或發電郵至 postsaleasia@christies.com。 2. 所有權轉移 只有我們自您處收到全額且清算購買款項 後，您才擁有拍賣品及拍賣品的所有權，即 使本公司已將拍賣品交給您。 220 3. 風險轉移 拍賣品的風險和責任自以下日期起將轉移給 您（以較早者為準）： (a) 買方提貨日； (b) 自拍賣日起 30 日後，如較早，則拍賣 品由第三方倉庫保管之日起；除非另行 協議。 4. 不付款之補救辦法 (a) 如果到期付款日，您未能全數支付購買 款項，我們將有權行使以下一項或多項 （及執行我們在 F5 段的權利以及法律 賦予我們的其它權利或補救辦法）： (i) 自到期付款日起，按照尚欠款項， 收取高於香港金融管理局不時公布 的三個月銀行同業拆息加 7% 的利 息； (ii) 取消交易並按照我們認為合適的條 件對拍賣品公開重新拍賣或私下重 新售賣。您必須向我們支付原來您 應支付的購買款項與再次轉賣收益 之間的差額。您也必須支付我們必 須支付或可能蒙受的一切成本、費 用、損失、賠償，法律費用及任何 賣方酬金的差額； (iii) 代不履行責任的買方支付賣方應付 的拍賣淨價金額。您承認佳士得有 賣方之所有權利向您提出追討。 (iv) 您必須承擔尚欠之購買款項，我們 可就取回此金額而向您提出法律訴 訟程序及在法律許可下向您索回之 其他損失、利息、法律費用及其他 費用； (v) 將我們或佳士得集團任何公司欠下 您之款項（包括您已付給我們之任 何保證金或部分付款）用以抵銷您 未付之款項； (vi) 我們可以選擇將您的身份及聯繫方 式披露給賣方； (vii) 在將來任何拍賣中，不允許您或 您的代表作出競投，或在接受您競 投之前向您收取保證金； (viii) 在拍賣品所處地方之法律許可之 下，佳士得就您擁有並由佳士得管 有的拍賣品作為抵押品並以抵押品 持有人身份行使最高程度之權利及 補救方法，不論是以典當方式、抵 押方式或任何其他形式。您則被視 為已授與本公司該等抵押及本公司 可保留或售賣此物品作為買方對本 公司及賣方的附屬抵押責任；和 (ix) 採取我們認為必要或適當的任何行 動。 (b) 將您已付的款項，包括保證金及其他部份 付款或我們欠下您之款項用以抵銷您欠我 們或其他佳士得集團公司的款項。 (c) 如果您在到期付款日之後支付全部款 項，同時，我們選擇接受該付款，我們 可以自拍賣後第 31 日起根據 G(d)(i) 及 (ii) 段向您收取倉儲和運輸費用。在此 情况下，G(d)(iv) 段將適用。 5. 扣押拍賣品 如果您欠我們或其他佳士得集團公司款項， 除了以上 F4 段的權利，在法律許可下，我 們可以以任何方式使用或處置您存於我們或 其它佳士得集團公司的拍賣品。只有在您全 額支付欠下我們或相關佳士得集團公司的全 部款項後，您方可領取有關拍賣品。我們亦 可選擇將您的拍賣品按照我們認為適當的方 式出售。我們將用出售拍賣品的銷售所得來 抵銷您欠下我們的任何款項，並支付您任何 剩餘部分。如果銷售所得不足以抵扣，您須 支付差額。 G. 提取及倉儲 (a) 我們要求您在拍賣之後立即提取您購買 的拍賣品（但請注意，在全數付清所有 款項之前，您不可以提取拍賣品）。 (b) 有關提取拍賣品之詳情，請聯繫售後服 務部。電話 +852 2760 1766 或發電郵 至：postsaleasia@christies.com (c) 如果您未在拍賣完畢立即提取您購買的拍 賣品，我們有權將拍賣品移送到其他佳士 得所在處或其關聯公司或第三方倉庫。 (d) 如果您未在拍賣後第三十個日曆日或之 前提取您購買的拍賣品，除非另有書面 約定： (i) 我們將自拍賣後第 31 日起向您收取 倉儲費用。 (ii) 我們有權將拍賣品移送到關聯公司 或第三方倉庫，並向您收取因此產 生的運輸費用和處理費用。 (iii) 我們可以按我們認為商業上合理且 恰當的方式出售拍賣品。 (iv) 倉儲的條款適用，條款請見 www. christies.com/storage。 (v) 本段的任何內容不限制我們在 F4 段下的權利。 H. 運送 1. 運送 運送或付運表格會與發票一同發送給您。您 須自行安排拍賣品的運送和付運事宜。我們 也可以依照您的要求安排包裝運送及付運事 宜，但您須支付有關收費。我們建議您在競 投前預先查詢有關收費的估價，尤其是需要 專業包裝的大件物品或高額品。應您要求， 我們也可建議處理員、包裝、運輸公司或有 關專家。 詳 情 請 聯 繫 佳 士 得 售 後 服 務 部， 電 話：+852 2760 1766 或 發 郵 件 至 postsaleasia@christies.com。我們會合理謹 慎處理、包裝、運輸拍賣品。若我們就上述目 的向您推薦任何其他公司，我們不會承擔有關 公司之行為，遺漏或疏忽引致的任何責任。 2. 出口 / 進口 拍賣售出的任何拍賣品都可能受拍賣品售出 國家的出口法律及其他國家的進口法律限制。 許多國家就拍賣品出境要求出口聲明及 / 或 就拍賣品入境要求進口聲明。進口國當地法 律可能會禁止進口某些拍賣品或禁止拍賣品 在進口國出售。 我們不會因您所購買的拍賣品無法出口，進 口或出於任何原因遭政府機構沒收而有責任 取消您的購買或向您退換購買款項。您應負 責確認並滿足任何法律或法規對出口或進口 您購買的拍賣品的要求。 (a) 在競投前，您應尋求專業意見並負責滿 足任何法律或法規對出口或進口拍賣品 的要求。如果您被拒發許可證，或申請 許可證延誤，您仍須全數支付拍賣品的 價款。如果您提出請求，在我們能力範 圍許可內，我們可以協助您申請所需許 可證，但我們會就此服務向您收取費 用。我們不保證必能獲得許可證。如欲 了解詳情，請聯繫佳士得售後服務部， 電 話：+852 2760 1766 或 發 郵 件 至 postsaleasia@christies.com。 (b) 你應負責支付與拍賣品出口或進口有關 的所有適用稅費、關稅或其他政府徵收 的費用。如果佳士得為您出口或進口拍 賣品，且佳士得支付了上述適用的稅 費、關稅或其他政府徵收的費用，您同 意向佳士得退還該筆費用。 (c) 含有受保護動植物料的拍賣品 由瀕臨絕種及其他受保護野生動植物製 造或組成（不論分比率）的拍賣品在本 目錄中註有［~］號。 這些物料包括但不限於象牙、玳瑁殼、 鱷魚皮、犀牛角、鯨骨、某些珊瑚品種 及玫瑰木。若您有意將含有野生動物物 料的任何拍賣品進口至其他國家，您須 於競投該拍賣品之前了解有關海關法例 和規定。有些國家完全禁止含有這類物 料的物品進口，而其他國家則規定須向 出口及入口國家的有關管理機構取得許 可證。在有些情況下，拍賣品必須附有 獨立的物種的科學證明和/或年期證明， 方能裝運，而您須要自行安排上述證明 並負責支付有關的費用。如果一件拍賣 品含有象牙或其他可能和象牙相混淆的 野生動物材料（例如猛獁象牙，海象象 牙和犀鳥象牙）且您計劃將上述拍賣品 進口到美國，請查看 (c) 段中之重要信 息。如果您無法出口，進口該拍賣品或 因任何原因拍賣品被政府部門查收，我 們沒有義務因此取消您的交易並退回您 的購買款項。您應負責確定並滿足有關 含有上述物料拍賣品進出口的法律和規 例要求。 (d) 美國關於非洲象象牙的進口禁令 美國禁止非洲象象牙進口美國。如果一 件拍賣品含有象牙或其他可能和象牙相 混淆的野生材料（例如猛獁象牙，海象 象牙和犀鳥象牙），其必須通過受美國 漁業和野生動物保護局認可的嚴格科學 測試確認該物料非非洲象象牙後方可進 口美國。如果我們在拍賣前對拍賣品已 經進行了該嚴格科學測試，我們會在拍 賣品陳述中清楚表明。我們一般無法確 認相關拍賣品的象牙是否來自非洲象。 您凡購買有關拍賣品並計畫將有關拍賣 品進口美國，必須承擔風險並負責支付 任何科學測試或其他報告的費用。有關 測試並無定論或確定物料乃非洲象象 牙，不被視為取消拍賣和退回購買款項 的依據。 (e) 源自伊朗的拍賣品 一些國家禁止或限制購買和 / 或進口源 自伊朗的“傳統工藝作品”( 身份不明 確的藝術家作品及 / 或功能性作品。例 如：地毯、碗、大口水壺、瓷磚和裝飾 盒）。美國禁止進口以上物品亦禁止美 國民眾 ( 不論所在處 ) 購買以上物品。 有些國家，例如加拿大則允許在某特定 情况下可以進口上述物品。為方便買 方，佳士得在源自伊朗 ( 波期 ) 的拍賣 品下方特別注明。如您受以上制裁或貿 221 易禁運限制，您須確保您不會競投或進 口有關拍賣品，違反有關適用條例。 (f) 黃金 含量低於 18k 的黃金並不是在所有國家 均被視為「黃金」，並可能被拒絕入口。 (g) 鐘錶 本目錄內有些錶帶的照片顯示該手錶配 有瀕危及受保護動物 ( 如短吻鱷或鱷魚 ) 的物料所製成的錶帶。這些拍賣品在本 目錄內的拍賣品編號旁以 Ψ 符號顯示。 這些錶帶只用來展示拍賣品並不作銷售 用途。在運送手錶到拍賣地以外的地點 前，佳士得會把上述錶帶拆除並予以保 存。買方若在拍賣後一年內親身到拍賣 所在地的佳士得提取，佳士得可酌情免 費提供該展示用但含有瀕危及受保護動 物物料的錶帶給買方。 H2 段中的標記是佳士得為了方便閣下 而在有關拍賣品附加的，附加標記時如 有任何錯誤或遺漏，佳士得恕不承擔任 何責任。 I. 佳士得之法律責任 (a) 除了真品保證，佳士得、佳士得代理人 或僱員，對任何拍賣品作任何陳述，或 資料的提供，均不作出任何保證。在法 律容許的最大程度下，所有由法律附加 的保證及其他條款，均被排除在本協議 外。在 E1 段中的賣方保證是由賣方提 供的保證，我們對這些保證不負有任何 責任。 (b) (i) 除非我們以欺詐手段作出有欺詐成份 的失實陳述或在本業務規定中另有明確說 明，我們不會因任何原因對您負有任何責 任（無論是因違反本協議，購買拍賣品或 與競投相關的任何其它事項）；和 (ii) 本公司無就任何拍賣品的可商售品 質、是否適合某特定用途、描述、尺寸、 質量、狀況、作品歸屬、真實性、稀有 程度、重要性、媒介、來源、展覽歷史、 文獻或歷史的關聯等作出任何陳述、保 證或擔保或承擔任何責任。除非當地的 法律強制要求，任何種類之任何保證， 均被本段排除在外。 (c) 請注意佳士得所提供的書面競投及電話 競投服務、Christie’s Live?、狀况報告、 貨幣兌換顯示板及拍賣室錄像影像為免 費服務，如有任何錯誤（人為或其它原 因）、遺漏或故障或延誤、未能提供、 暫停或終止，本公司不負任何責任。 (d) 就拍賣品購買的事宜，我們僅對買方負 有法律責任。 (e) 如果儘管有 (a) 至 (d) 或 E2(i) 段的規 定，我們因某些原因須對您負上法律責 任，我們不須支持超過您已支付的購買 款項。佳士得不須就任何利潤或經營損 失、商機喪失或價值、預期存款或利息、 費用、賠償或支出等原因負上任何責任。 J. 其它條款 1. 我們的撤銷權 除了本協議中的其他撤銷權利，如果我們合 理地認為完成交易可能是違法行為或該銷售 會令我們或賣方向任何人負上法律責任或損 壞我們的名聲，我們可取消該拍賣品的拍賣。 2. 錄像 我們可以錄影及記錄拍賣過程。除非按法律 要求，我們會對個人信息加以保密。該資料 可能用於或提供其他佳士得集團公司和市場 夥伴以作客戶分析或以便我們向買方提供合 適的服務。若您不想被錄影，你可透過電話 或書面競投或者在 Christie’s Live? 競投。除 非另有書面約定，您不能在拍賣現場錄像或 錄音。 3. 版權 所有由佳士得或為佳士得與拍賣品有關之製 作之一切圖片、插圖與書面資料 ( 除有特別 注釋外，包括我們的目錄的內容 ) 之版權均 屬於佳士得所有。沒有我們的事先書面許可 不得使用以上版權作品。我們沒有保證您就 投得的拍賣品會取得任何版權或其他複製的 權利。 4. 效力 如本協議的任何部份遭任何法院認定為無 效、不合法或無法執行，則該部分應被視為 删除，其它部分不受影響。 5. 轉讓您的權利及責任 除非我們給予書面許可，否則您不得就您在本 協議下的權利或責任設立任何抵押，亦不得 轉讓您的權利和責任。本協議對您的繼任人、 遺產及任何承繼閣下責任的人具有約束力。 6. 翻譯 如果我們提供了本協議的翻譯件，我們將會 使用英文版用於解決本協議項下產生的任何 問題以及爭議。 7. 個人信息 您同意我們將持有並處理您的個人數據或信 息，並將其交給其它佳士得集團公司用於我 們的私隱政策所描述的，或與其相符的目 的。您可以在 www.christies.com 上找到 本公司私隱政策。如您是加利福尼亞州居 民， 您 可 在 https://www.christies.com/ about-us/contact/ccpa 看 到 我 們 的《 加 州消費者隱私法》（California Consumer Privacy Act）聲明。 8. 棄權 未能或延遲行使本業務規定下的權利或補償 不應被視為免除該權利或補償，也不應阻止 或限制對該權利或補償或其他權利或補償的 行使。單獨或部分行使該權力或補償不應阻 止或限制對其它權利或補償的行使。 9. 法律及管轄權 各方的權利及義務，就有關本業務規定，拍 賣的行為及任何與上述條文的事項，均受香 港法律管轄及根據香港法律解釋。在拍賣競 投時，無論是親自出席或由代理人出席競 投，書面、電話及其他方法競投，買方則被 視為接受本業務規定，及為佳士得之利益而 言，接受香港法院之排他性管轄權，並同時 接納佳士得亦有權在任何其他司法管轄區提 出索償，以追討買方拖欠的任何款項。 10. www.christies.com 的報告 售出的拍賣品的所有資料，包括目錄描述 及價款都可在 www.christies.com 上 查 閱。銷售總額為成交價加上買方酬金，其 不反映成本、財務費用或買方或賣方信貸 申請情况。我們不能按要求將這些資料從 www.christies.com 網站上删除。 K. 詞匯表 拍賣官：個人拍賣官和 / 或佳士得。 真品：以下所述的真實作品，而不是複製品 或贗品： a) 拍賣品在標題被描述為某位藝術家、作 者或製作者的作品，則為該藝術家、作 者或製造者的作品； b) 拍賣品在標題被描述為是某時期或流派 創作的作品，則該時期或流派的作品； c) 拍賣品在標題被描述為某來源，則為該 來源的作品； d) 以寶石為例，如拍賣品在標題被描述為 由某種材料製成，則該作品是由該材料 製成。 真品保證：我們在本協議 E 段所詳述為拍 賣品提供的保證。 買方酬金：除了成交價，買方支付給我們的 費用。 目錄描述：拍賣目錄內對拍賣品的陳述（包 括於拍賣場通過對有關陳述作出的任何更 改）。 佳 士 得 集 團：Christie’s International Plc、其子公司及集團的其它公司。 狀况：拍賣品的物理狀况。 到期付款日：如第 F1(a) 段所列出的意思。 估價：目錄中或拍賣場通告中列明的我們認 為拍賣品可能出售的價格範圍。低端估價指 該範圍的最低價；高端估價指該範圍的最高 價。中間估值為兩者的中間點。 成交價：拍賣官接受的拍賣品最高競投價。 標題：如 E2 段所列出的意思。 拍賣品：供拍賣的一件拍賣品（或作為一組 拍賣的兩件或更多的物件）； 其他賠償：任何特殊、連帶、附帶或間接的 賠償或任何符合當地法律規定的“特殊”、 “附帶”或“連帶”賠償。 購買款項：如第 F1(a) 段的意思。 來源：拍賣品的所有權歷史。 有保留：如 E2 段中的意思；有保留標題則 指目錄中“重要通知和目錄編制說明”頁中 的“有保留標題”的意思。 底價：拍賣品不會以低於此保密底價出售。 拍賣場通告：張貼位於拍賣場內的拍賣品旁 或 www.christies.com 的書面通知（上述 通知內容會另行通知以電話或書面競投的客 戶），或拍賣會舉行前或拍賣某拍賣品前拍 賣官宣布的公告。 副標題：如 E2 段所列出的意思。 大階字體：指包含所有的大寫字母。 保證：陳述人或聲明人保證其所陳述或聲明 的事實為正確。
