? AN ANDESITE BUST OF BUDDHA, CENTRAL JAVA, 9TH-10TH CENTURY Java, Indonesia. The boldly carved volcanic stone bust depicts the Buddha dressed in a sheer sanghati elegantly draped over the left shoulder and gathered in folds, his serene face with a broad nose, heavy-lidded eyes, and full lips forming a gentle smile. His hair is carved in snail-shell curls and surmounted by a domed ushnisha.
Provenance: From a private collection in Singapore.
Condition: Very good condition, commensurate with age. Wear, natural imperfections, obvious losses, extensive signs of weathering and erosion, and encrustations.
Weight: 34.2 kg (incl. stand)
Dimensions: Height 55 cm (excl. stand), 60 cm (incl. stand)
A Buddha image of ineffable quiet and stillness has been carved from rough volcanic rock. The profile and dome of the head are broad, allowing for a round tapering of the forehead, cheeks, and chin that, once finished with a polish, produce an overall impression of smoothness, belying the porous nature of the stone, which has resisted over a millennium of weather exposure with a stunning ease. The sculptors working on the great stone monuments of 9th century Central Java produced some of the most beautifully proportioned Buddhist sculptures of any period or medium.
The drapery of the robe is consistent with central Javanese period images of Buddha from temple sites. The purpose of these images of Buddhas is to represent the stages of the path to enlightenment in Buddhist cosmology. As visitors to temples ascend through the different levels, they are guided through the process on a symbolic journey from the realm of desire to the realm of form and finally to the realm of formlessness, ultimately reaching enlightenment at the summit.
The present statue is almost certainly from Borobudur or a related temple site, such as Sewu or Plaosan in Central Java. Built by the Shailendra dynasty around 825 CE, Borobudur is one of the greatest Buddhist monuments of all time, having one of the largest and most complete ensembles of Buddhist narrative relief panels in the world. Structured as a mandala of stacked platforms representing the three planes of existence in Mahayana cosmology (the world of desire, the world of forms, and the world of formlessness), Borobodur invites pilgrims circumambulating its didactic panels and sculpture to shuck the trappings of their perceived reality and realize their true inherent formlessness.
Literature comparison:
Compare a related volcanic stone figure of Buddha Akshobhya, dated to the 9th century, in the Phoenix Art Museum, object number 2005.36.
Auction result comparison:
Type: Related
Auction: Christie’s Paris, 11 December 2013, lot 357
Price: EUR 85,500 or approx. EUR 104,000 adjusted for inflation at the time of writing
Description: A rare and important volcanic stone figure of Amoghasiddhi Buddha, Indonesia, Central Java, circa 9th century
Expert remark: Compare the closely related modeling and manner of carving. Note the size (107 cm).
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