? A FINE BRONZE FIGURE OF PADMAPANI, CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA, 9TH CENTURY Seated in lalitasana on a double-lotus base, the pendant right leg bent, standing on the base, the right arm put on the knee with the hand lowered and the left raised in karana mudra, clutching the stem of a lotus bud resting against his shoulder, wearing a diaphanous dhoti with neatly executed raised pleats.
The face with a benign expression, heavy-lidded downcast eyes under arched brows centered by an urna, a slender nose, and thick lips forming a gentle smile, flanked by ears with pendulous lobes. The hair elegantly tied in a stylized chignon and adorned by a foliate tiara, backed by an oval halo.
Provenance: From an important private collection in London, United Kingdom.
Condition: Very good condition with expected wear and casting irregularities. Tiny nicks, and minuscule dents, traces of weathering, encrustations, minor areas of corrosion and light surface scratches. A fine, naturally grown, dark patina and malachite encrustations.
Weight: 2,174 g (excl. stand), 4,082 g (incl. stand)
Dimensions: Height 23 cm (excl. stand), 27 cm (incl. stand)
With a fitted metal stand. (2)
The work's style and composition are evidently inspired by the art of the contemporaneous Pala kingdom of Northeastern India, to which are added distinct local adaptations. For example, the wide lotus petals with pointed tips, and their staggered arrangement between top and bottom layers, copy those of 9th-century Pala bronzes. See two bronzes of Avalokiteshvara and Tara from Nalanda monastery in Roy, Eastern Indian Bronzes, New Delhi, 1986, nos. 110a & 124. Buddhism in Java did not evolve as a mere extension of Indian Buddhism but developed into another prominent international center for Buddhist scholarship, with the highly esteemed monument of Borobudur at its core. The continuous links between Java and religious centers in India, particularly with Nalanda monastery, are well documented, and important historic figures such as Yijing, the famous 7th-century Chinese traveler, and Atisha, the renowned 11th-century Bengali pandit, spent significant time studying in Java.
The present figure embodies this dynamic artistic exchange between the Pala and Javanese spheres, representing a localized reinterpretation of North Indian prototypes. The elegant modeling, relaxed posture, and refined physiognomy reflect the cosmopolitan sophistication of the Srivijaya and Central Javanese cultural milieu, where Buddhist art assimilated both Indian and regional elements into a distinctly Southeast Asian idiom. The sculptor’s sensitivity to proportion, gesture, and expression suggests an awareness of esoteric Vajrayana principles, characteristic of images created in the 9th century under Sailendra patronage. Such bronzes, combining technical mastery with devotional intimacy, attest to Java’s role as a key nexus in the diffusion of Tantric Buddhist art across the Indian Ocean world.
Auction result comparison:
Type: Closely related
Auction: Christie’s New York, 21 September 2007, lot 351
Price: USD 37,000 or approx. EUR 49,500 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing
Description: A large bronze figure of Padmapani, Indonesia, Central Java, 10th century
Expert remark: Compare the closely related modeling, manner of casting, and subject. Note the related size (21 cm) and missing halo.
Auction result comparison:
Type: Closely related
Auction: Bonhams Hong Kong, 29 March 2018, lot 11
Price: HKD 375,000 or approx. EUR 47,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing
Description: A copper alloy figure of Vishnu, Java, 9th century
Expert remark: Compare the closely related modeling and manner of casting with similar expression and halo. Note the standing pose, Hindu subject, and size (29 cm).
Auction result comparison:
Type: Closely related
Auction: Zacke, Vienna, 17 October 2025, lot 653
Price: EUR 18,200
Description: A bronze figure of Padmapani, Central Java, Indonesia, 9th century
Expert remark: Compare the closely related modeling and manner of casting with similar expression and halo. Note the standing pose, Hindu subject, and size (28 cm).
---以下为第三方软件翻译，仅供参考---
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