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A RARE GILT-BRONZE BUDDHIST ALTAR PRICKET CANDLESTICK, ZHUTAI, 15TH CENTURY
奥地利
04月16日 下午5点 开拍 /19天13小时
拍品描述 翻译
Expert's note:The design, workmanship, and materials used for the present candlestick reflect the high standards of court art under the Yongle and Xuande periods. Buddhist ritual implements of this age and quality are rarely published and almost never appear on the market. For other Yongle-period ritual objects, see a damascened iron ritual staff with human heads in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, object number 2015.500.6.28; a parcel-gilt bronze ritual bell with the head of a crowned Buddha in the Asian Art Museum of San Francisco, object number B85B3.b; and a gilt-bronze phurba with Mahakala heads in the Minneapolis Institute of Art, accession number 2000.148. The Buddha heads found on the present lot were later taken up by Qing workshops as well, probably at the behest of the early emperors like Kangxi and Qianlong, who shared Yongle's passion for and strategic interest in Tibetan Buddhism and would have been deeply familiar with the ritual objects created under his reign, see a cloisonné enamel candlestick in the National Palace Museum, Taipei, accession number 中琺000442N000000000.China. Intricately cast, with a square base detailed with openwork lotus scrolls, flanked at the four corners by taotie masks forming the feet, all below a band of ruyi heads. The mid-section is cast with a pair of crowned faces of the Buddha with elongated earlobes, rising from a prominent double vajra and supporting a wide drip pan in the form of lotus petals. The tall stem supports a smaller drip pan of similar form and terminates in a short pricket.Provenance: Acquired via the London trade, United Kingdom.Condition: Very good condition with minor wear, light scratches, expected rubbing and minor losses to gilt, the top of the pricket slightly bent.Weight: 692 g Dimensions: Height 22 cmAlthough Tibetan Buddhist imagery began to appear in the repertory of Chinese art already in the Yuan dynasty, Tibetan influence on Chinese Buddhist art became far more pronounced in the Ming dynasty, particularly during the Yongle era (1403-1425), when the imperial court looked favorably upon Buddhism and made a concerted effort to build secular and religious alliances with Tibet, even inviting Tibetan monks to the capital, Beijing, to conduct religious services. During the Yongle reign, the imperial workshops produced large numbers of gilt-bronze Buddhist ritual objects, including statues, stupas, vajras, bells, and altar sets. These were intended both for use at court and as prestigious gifts to Tibetan Buddhist hierarchs.Expert's note on metallurgy:XRF readings identified a copper alloy composed primarily of Cu (~80%) and Zn (~20%). Published analyses of early Ming gilt bronzes of the Yongle and Xuande periods frequently report Zn contents of roughly 15-35%, placing the present composition within the scientifically documented range. Two measurements were taken: one on an uncleaned interior bronze surface and one on a gilded exterior area. Lighter elements such as Al, Fe, and Si vary noticeably between these two readings. This variation is explained by surface contamination associated with patina and mineral residues on the untreated surface, whereas the gilded area shows markedly lower values. The gilded area further shows Au together with detectable Hg, consistent with traditional mercury amalgam gilding. Overall, the alloy composition and surface characteristics are consistent with those documented for early Ming gilt bronze objects.Literature comparison:Compare a related larger gilt bronze candlestick, dated to the Ming dynasty, 39.7 cm tall, in the National Palace Museum, Taipei, accession number 中銅002713N000000000.

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