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A TANTRIC RITUAL SKULL CROWN, TIBET, 19TH CENTURY
奥地利
04月17日 下午5点 开拍 /20天11小时
此拍品禁止/限制出入境
拍品描述 翻译
A TANTRIC RITUAL SKULL CROWN, TIBET, 19TH CENTURYThe crown composed of five boldly carved bone skulls of concave section, each distinguished by bulging eyes with deeply hollowed pupils and a pronounced jaw set in an unsettling grin revealing sharp fangs, their fractured crania surmounted by ruyi-shaped motifs from which scrolling foliage emerges, each connected by beads and foliate square plaques, all sewn together onto a fabric band from which further beads hang forming garlands, each end fitted with a leather strap.Provenance: From a private estate in the Southeastern United States.Condition: Very good condition with expected wear, traces of use, natural imperfections, few small chips, minuscule nicks, faint surface scratches. Fine, naturally grown, dark patina.Weight: 358.3 gDimensions: Length 36.1 cmCrowns hold a central and doctrinally charged role within Vajrayana ritual and iconographic systems. In advanced tantric practice, the adept dons a crown and related bone ornaments as a means of internalizing the enlightened qualities of the Buddhas and ritually assuming the identity of a fully awakened being.In the corpus of the Highest Yoga Tantras, the most esoteric and sophisticated stratum of Vajrayana literature, both male and female Buddhas are conventionally represented wearing a set of six bone ornaments, among which the skull crown is preeminent. These ornaments signify the enlightened qualities associated with six Buddhas (Akshobhya, Ratnasambhava, Amitabha, Amoghasiddhi, Vairocana, and Vajrasattva) and correspond doctrinally to the six paramitas or perfections: generosity, ethical discipline, patience, perseverance, meditation, and insight. Within tantric hermeneutics, these virtues are understood not simply as ethical ideals but as fully realized qualities inherent in awakened mind.The skull crown also forms part of the so-called eight charnel ground attires, iconographic attributes worn by wrathful deities that symbolize the transmutation of death, impurity, and fear into liberative wisdom. For a detailed discussion of these attributes and their symbolic meanings, see Robert Beer, The Encyclopedia of Tibetan Symbols and Motifs, 1999, p. 316-318. In particular, the five-skull crown represents the integration of five transcendent wisdoms that together constitute enlightenment, as well as the five Tathagatas who personify these cognitive principles. On their doctrinal correspondences, see Jackie Menzies, Goddess: Divine Energy, 2006, p. 236.Literature comparison:Compare a closely related bone ceremonial skull crown, Tibet, 19th century, 35.5 cm long, in the Art Gallery of New South Wales, accession number 419.2008.Auction result comparison:Type: Related Auction: Christie's New York, 20 March 2012, lot 118 Price: USD 7,500 or approx. EUR 9,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing : A gilt bronze crown of skulls, Tibet, 19th centuryExpert remark: Compare the related form albeit in different materials. Note the size (22.9 cm).

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