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A BRONZE FIGURE OF SHIVA BHIKSHATANA, TAMIL NADU, 19TH-EARLY 20TH CENTURY
奥地利
06月30日 下午5点 开拍 /9天4小时
拍品描述 翻译
South India. This elegant figurine depicts Shiva as the Lord of Ascetics, the Supreme Beggar standing in a slight tribhanga atop a tiered pedestal incised with lotus petals. His four arms, splayed in balance with the agile sway of his hips convey Shiva?Bhikshatana's?beauty, which tempted the wives of Brahman as he wandered naked through a forest hermitage.Cast in fine detail, sandals shield Shiva's feet, a snake clings to his hips, and his hair is arranged in delightful curls forming a jatamandala before the sirischakra at the back of his head. He holds a drum and Brahma's kapala which doubles as an alms bowl, and a tuft of grass with which he feeds his pet deer that accompanies him. A diminutive bhuta-gana to his left carries a large bowl used for storing the food alms of Shiva.Provenance: French trade. Acquired from a private estate near Lyon, France.Condition: Very good condition with minor wear and casting irregularities, small nicks, minuscule dings, losses to attributes. The bronze with a fine, naturally grown, dark patina with areas of verdigris.Weight: 4.1 kgDimensions: Height 32.3 cmBhikshatana is the form of Bhairava that Shiva assumes to atone for his sin of severing Brahma's fifth head. He wanders the universe in the form of a naked Kapali mendicant, begging for alms with Brahma's kapala (skullcup) as his begging bowl, until his sin is expiated upon reaching the holy city of Varanasi.Another legend describes Bhikshatana's visit to the Deodar (Pine) Forest to dispense the ignorance of sages and lead them to true knowledge. During his visit, he seduces the wives of the sages who come to give him alms. Horrified by Bhikshatana's "heretic" appearance and actions, the sages have a long confrontation with him. Ultimately Bhikshatana triumphs, establishing the worship of the Linga, his aniconic symbol. A variant of the legend narrates how Bhikshatana transforms into Nataraja—Shiva as the Cosmic Dancer.This example faithfully preserves Shiva Bhikshatana's depictions in earlier Chola sculptures, such as a bronze masterpiece in the Thanjavur Art Gallery (Rathnasabapathy, The Divine Bronzes, Tamil Nadu, 1982, no.14) and his representation in the carved stone exterior of the Vaithyanatheeswarar Temple at Chinthaman, Tamil Nadu.Bhikshatana is a popular icon in South India, in contrast to North India, where it is of lesser importance. Though Bhikshatana does not have any temples dedicated to him as the primary deity, he is sculpted in stone temple walls, worshipped as a subsidiary deity, and cast in bronze as a temple festival processional icon in almost every major Tamil Shiva temple. Many Tamil language hymns sing of Bhikshatana's wanderings, often narrating of the pining of the love-smitten who are enamoured of him.Literature comparison:Compare a related earlier bronze figure of Shiva Bhikshatana, Chola period, dated 1040, in the Rajaraja Museum, Thanjavur. Compare a closely related bronze figure of Shiva Bhikshatana, dated 17th-19th century, 72.4 cm high, in the Philadelphia Museum of Art, accession number 1994-148-68.Auction result comparison: Type: Related Auction: Christie's New York, 17 March 2021, lot 431 Price: USD 25,000 or approx. EUR 26,000 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing : A large bronze figure of Shiva, South India, Tamil Nadu, Nayaka period, 17th-18th century Expert remark: Compare the related modeling, manner of casting, and subject. Note the slightly larger size (40.5 cm).

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