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A PHALLIC TERRACOTTA URN, NIGER RIVER VALLEY, NIGER OR BURKINA FASO, CIRCA 16TH-17TH CENTURY
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06月30日 下午5点 开拍 /9天3小时
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A PHALLIC TERRACOTTA URN, NIGER RIVER VALLEY, NIGER OR BURKINA FASO, CIRCA 16TH-17TH CENTURYScientific Analysis Report: A thermoluminescence analysis report issued by Oxford Authentication on 18 March 2026, based on sample number N126b92, sets the firing date of all three samples taken between 300 and 450 years ago, consistent with the dating above. A copy of the report accompanies this lot.The hollowed vessel decorated on the exterior with minutely beaded bands in varying geometric arrangements, interspersed with raised knops, one side with an arrowhead.Provenance: The collection of Dr. Herbert Stepic, Vienna, Austria. Dr. Herbert Stepic (born 1946) is a distinguished Austrian banker and one of the foremost private collectors of African art in Europe. Over the course of four decades, he has built one of the best and largest collections on the continent, comprising approximately 1,500 exceptional works that represent the diverse cultures of sub-Saharan Africa. Among the highlights are extensive Dogon iron works from Mali and significant examples from the Nok, Sokoto, and Katsina cultures. In recognition of his achievements as a collector, Dr. Stepic was awarded the viennaARTaward in 2017. Despite the remarkable scale of his collection, he parted with a piece for the first time in April 2026, at Zacke's Fine Asian Art sale, marking a historic milestone.Condition: Good condition with expected old wear, firing irregularities, encrustations, small losses, cracks, small chips, and small holes from sample taking, possibly one old repair to the shoulder of the vessel, all consistent with known examples from this corpus.Dimensions: Height 99 cmThe Bura culture flourished in what is now southwestern Niger and parts of Burkina Faso between the 3rd and 13th centuries AD. Bura works ranged from stylized human heads to zoomorphic figures and monumental funerary urns. Their discovery in the 1970s revealed a sophisticated society with complex spiritual beliefs, advanced ceramic techniques, and far-reaching cultural influence. The Bura civilization is known to us primarily through its distinctive funerary traditions. Their terracotta vessels—tubular, oval, and semi-ovoid in form—served as urns for skeletal remains and were placed upside down in the earth, often clustered together. Made from clay and richly decorated, these urns could contain not only human bones but also personal items such as iron arrowheads, bracelets, rings, clothing, food offerings, and quartzite beads. The surfaces of the vessels were adorned with unique incised and ridged designs produced through scarification techniques, patterns believed to reflect aspects of the deceased's life. Many urns also feature anthropomorphic or symbolic elements—flat stylized heads, mounted horsemen, standing figures, and breast- or phallic-like protrusions.Expert's note: The present work is attributed to the Bura cultural sphere of the Niger River Valley, a civilization whose archaeological definition remains relatively recent and still evolving. While scholarship generally places the height of Bura production between the 3rd and 13th centuries, the thermoluminescence date of the 16th-17th century should not be seen as anomalous, but rather as evidence of the extended lifespan of a tradition that remains only partially understood. Systematic excavations began only in the late 20th century—most notably with full-scale digs from 1983—meaning the current chronology is based on a limited and geographically narrow dataset; it is therefore plausible that peripheral communities continued related funerary and artistic practices beyond the established timeline. Moreover, the gradual Islamization of the region did not erase earlier beliefs, which often persisted in syncretic forms, particularly in funerary contexts, allowing such traditions to endure and evolve. The widespread looting of Bura sites has further complicated the archaeological record, disrupting stratigraphy and skewing our understanding toward more accessible, often later material. In this context, the later dating of this object underscores the longevity and regional variability of Bura-related traditions, offering valuable insight into the continued development of funerary practices within this cultural continuum.Literature comparison: Compare a terracotta urn, Bura culture, dated circa 500-1000 AD, 42 cm tall, in the Mulvane art Museum, object number 2000-55-56. Compare a funerary vessel, Bura culture, possibly Asinda-Sikka Necropolis, Niger and Burkina Faso, dated 200-1000 AD, 69.2 cm tall, in the Brimingham Museum of Art, reference number AFI.165.2012. Compare a figurative funerary vessel, Bura Asinda-Sikka Peoples, 87.6 cm tall, in the New Orleans Museum of Art, accession number 2006.96.4.

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