“大明萬曆年製”六字雙行楷書款 拍品為萬曆御窯承繼宣德、成化御窯鬥彩同類器製品,是萬曆御窯鬥彩器中難得一見的精品佳作,當屬萬曆御窯名貴品種。萬曆一朝多見青花五彩器,鬥彩器殊為少見,鬥彩繪荷塘鴛鴦者更是寥若晨星,極至罕見,流傳至今且燒造品質上乘、品相上佳者更屬鳳毛麟角,難得一見。遍查海內外公開出版物及相關資料,與拍品造型、紋飾、工藝及尺寸相同者或僅見倫敦蘇富比1974年4月1日228號拍品,可資參閱,之後則幾乎不見有相同作品出現公開拍賣市場,其珍罕度由此可見,如今佳器又現,當受重視,殊堪寶藏。 鴛鴦荷塘圖源自宋元織錦紋樣,亦稱“滿池嬌”,此種瓷器裝飾畫意最早源於明宣德五彩器,可參見西藏薩迦寺藏明宣德青花五彩蓮池鴛鴦碗,明十五世紀亦曾燒造無款識同類紋飾鬥彩碗,其燒造時期大約在空白期至成化初年期間,現兩岸故宮博物院均藏有此類鬥彩鴛鴦臥蓮紋碗可供參考,以後各朝或沿襲燒造,但明晚期御窯製品則更為少見,僅見臺北故宮博物院藏有相同紋飾的萬曆御窯青花五彩碗,鬥彩作品則未見有發表。明代以後,鬥彩荷塘鴛鴦紋飾則成為清代御窯經典紋飾和品種。 拍品端莊大氣,胎釉精良,碗心與外壁均以鬥彩繪荷塘鴛鴦圖,畫中鴛鴦含情脈脈,暢遊於荷塘之中,但見荷香四溢,浮萍散漂,畫面生動,意趣十足。全器胎骨厚薄適宜,釉質細膩瑩白,構圖疏朗清新,設色穠美妍麗,以礬紅繪就荷花,遂成“映日荷花別樣紅”之景致,一改萬曆五彩常見之繁縟,於絢麗濃豔中透出幾許含蓄柔和之美。底書青花 “大明萬曆年製”六字楷書款,筆意古拙卻氣韻內含,後世較難仿製。 古人視鴛鴦為愛情象徵,《古今注》中說鴛鴦為“鳥類,雌雄未嘗相離,人得其一,則一必思而死,故曰匹鳥”,故此種紋飾亦可視為皇權與柔情的完美結合。 倫敦蘇富比,1974年4月1日,編號228 《上海博物館藏品研究大系-明代官窯瓷器》,上海人民出版社,2007年,頁15,圖1-1 《故宮博物院藏文物珍品大系-五彩·鬥彩》,上海科學技術出版社、商務印書館(香港),1999年,頁201,圖183 A VERY RARE DOUCAI RIVER AND BIRD BOWL Mark and period of Wanli, Ming Dynasty 6 15/16 in. (17.6 cm. ) Diam. The rounded sides painted on the exterior with three mandarin ducks and three drakes interspersed with lotus and water-weed, the leaves coloured in clear green enamel within underglaze blue outlines and the large open lotus flower in brilliant ‘rouge-de-fer’, the ducks in brown with green wings and red beaks looking back over their shoulders at the drakes swimming behind, their plumage in red with upstanding yellow feathers on the back, all above a collar of lotus petal panels in underglaze blue of fine purplish tone encircling the base, the interior with a central medallion of a pair of ducks swimming among similar clumps of lotus and floating water-weed, within a double line border repeated around the lipped rim. Sotheby’s London, 1st April 1974, Lot.228 Shanghai Museum Porcelain Collection, Ming Imperial Wares, Shanghai, 2007, p.15, pl.1-1 The Complete Collection of Treasures of the Palace Museum, Porcelains in Polychrome and Contrasting Colours, Shanghai & Hong Kong, 1999, p.201, pl.183