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Watercolor on Paper. Signed and attr. To Ngoc Van (Vietnamese 1906-1954). Being one of Vietnam’s top painters in the first half of the 20 th century, To Ngoc Van influenced many Vietnamese painters of later generations and has been greatly appreciated by the art circle abroad. Being one of Vietnam’s top painters in the first half of the 20th century, To Ngoc Van influenced many Vietnamese painters of later generations and has been greatly appreciated by the art circle abroad. To Ngoc Van was born on December 15, 1906, in Hanoi, but his native land is Xuan Cau Village, Van Giang District, Hung Yen Province. This painter studied for five years at the Indochina Fine Arts College and graduated in 1931. He participated in a number of domestic and overseas exhibitions, including fine-arts exhibitions in Paris in 1931 and 1932. At the Colonies’ Exhibition held in Paris, he captured a gold medal and was awarded the certificate of honour at the exhibition of French Painters’ Association in 1932. In 1933, he was elected as a member of the French Painters’ Association. Between 1939 and 1945 To Ngoc Van was employed as a lecturer at the college where he studied. After the August Revolution, he took the post of rector of the first Fine-Arts College of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. In addition, he won several honourable domestic prizes, such as the first prize at the National Fine Arts Exhibition held in Hanoi in 1954. PROVENANCE: Private estate (Perugia, Italy)
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By [Artist Name]: In our opinion, the work is by the artist.
Attributed to [Artist Name]: In our opinion, the work may be ascribed to the artist on the basis of style, but there may be some question as to actual authorship.
In the manner of [Artist Name]: In our opinion, the work was executed by an unknown hand, but was designed deliberately to emulate the style of the artist.
After [Artist Name]: In our opinion, the work was executed by an unknown hand, but is a deliberate copy of a known work by the artist.
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American, 19th century: In our opinion, this work was executed by an unknown hand, and can only be identified by origin (i.e., region, period).
Bears signature: In our opinion, the signature on the artwork may be spurious.