Qing Dynasty, Qianlong period two character seal mark and of the period.
The interior finely painted with a central panel painted with a pair of birds sitting on a branch observing a butterfly in flight, within a border shaped as six inverse ruyi heads filled with flower heads borne on colourful foliage on a yellow ground, within a further wide pink diaper border set with panels depicting fruiting branches of pomegranate, peaches, finger citron and melons, and divided by a kui dragon roundel, beneath a band of blue key scroll, the borders each partitioned by a thin band of gilt, the exterior decorated with five five-clawed dragons, one front-facing and grasping a flaming pearl in its left front claw, the others writhing with contorted bodies in pursuit of a pearl, each vividly and individualistically painted among clouds and gilt-heightened flames, against a lapis-blue ground, the base decorated with a phoenix, its body and tail feathers curved over the lowered head, and wings spread to form a circular roundel, encircled by five bats against an Imperial yellow ground, the foot decorated with a lotus scroll border with three equally-spaced circular cartouches, bearing the three characters Gu, Yue and Xuan, the interior with two seals, together bearing the two characters Qianlong, 28cm diameter, boxed.
Provenance: Chinese and Japanese Ceramics, Furniture and Works of Art, Christie's Amsterdam, 19 May 1993, lot 119 [front and back cover lot].
清乾隆 洋彩繪花鳥圖紋盤，「古月軒」「乾」「隆」款
來源：佳士得阿姆斯特丹1993年5月19日119號拍品（圖錄封面拍品）。
The long reign of the Qianlong Emperor, 1736 – 1795, built on and perfected many of the artistic traditions consolidated by the Kangxi and Yongzheng Emperors, and in the field of porcelain none more than the rich spectrum of yangcai or ‘foreign colour’ enamel decoration.
The application of the yangcai, initially introduced to the Imperial Workshops at the Qing court by European Jesuit craftsmen, and subsequently embraced by Tang Ying (1682 – 1756), was a true synthesis of Eastern and Western technological and artistic traditions.
The mixture of traditions and styles is highlighted by the distinctive decorations of the three planes of the piece: the sides (dragons), interior (birds) and base (phoenix and bats). The decorative border of the interior and the treatment of the dragon roundel of the base, strongly recall the decorations of Peking enamelware on copper, this rooting the piece strongly within a flavour for Western decorative tastes for which the Emperor was known. If the vase is compared to the pair of Peking enamel Qianlong vases from the Imperial collection in the National Palace Museum illustrated in Radiant Luminance : the Painted Enamelware of the Qing Imperial Court, 2012, p 159, plate 119, we will see the same pink floral band around the foot, the significant difference in colouring of different decorative registers and the presence of decorative panels set within bands of decoration, all of which had previously been considered markers of European taste, prior to being embraced within the context of yangcai wares.
Despite the overtly decorative nature of the piece, the vestiges of High Imperial Qing taste within the piece are subtly hidden. The mark of the Qianlong Emperor is unusually codified within two seal marks on the interior of the piece, whilst the palace mark, Gu yue xuan, is carefully placed within a decorative border around the foot of the dish. Even the four fearsome five-clawed dragons are left hidden when the dish is left on the table.
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3. CONTRACT FORMATION AND EFFECTS
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Grounds for cancellation under the present section shall include but not be limited to any dispute relating to the attribution or provenance of the Lot, ownership and title, fraud or deceit, lack of relevant licences or certificates, any subsequent changes in domestic or international legislations restricting the sale of export of goods etc. In the event of internet-only auctions, the Buyer shall have a 14 day right to retract, after reception of the Lot, under EU Consumer Law. Public auctions are not covered by this right to retract.
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4. AFTER THE SALE
4.1 Payment All purchased lots must be paid for on the day of the auction. Commission bids must be paid for no later than the day after the auction. Payment must be in cash, debit, credit card or bank transfer. Cheques are not accepted. Cash payments shall not be receivable for amounts over €10,000, regardless of the payment being for one or multiple Lots. Payments made by someone other than the registered Buyer shall not be accepted. Title will not pass to the Buyer until CA Ltd has received all amounts due to them in cleared funds even if the Lot has been released to the Buyer.
4.2 Buyer’s Premium The Buyer will pay CA Ltd a premium of 25% on the hammer price plus VAT on that commission on the first ?500,000 and 12% plus VAT on the balance thereafter. A Buyer’s Premium of 21% plus VAT is charged on Wine & Spirits Lots.
The VAT payable varies by symbol as below:
No Symbol: The standard rate of VAT is charged on the premium under the Auctioneers Margin Scheme in accordance with Art. 333 of 2006/112/EC. Standard UK VAT will be charged on the buyers’ premium and invoiced on an inclusive basis.
?: Normal VAT rules apply and the standard rate of VAT will be charged on both hammer price and premium.
*: These lots have been imported from outside the EU for sale and placed under the Temporary Admission regime. Import VAT is payable at 5% on the hammer price. VAT at 20% will be added to the buyer’s premium but will not be shown separately on the invoice.
In order to receive a refund of VAT amounts/Import VAT (as applicable) non-EU buyers must:
(a) have registered to bid with an address outside of the EU; and (b) export the lot from the EU within 30 days of collection for * lots and 3 months of collection for all other lots and immediately afterwards provide us with satisfactory proof of export. (c) Details of the documents which you must provide to us to show satisfactory proof of export/shipping are available from our Finance team. A processing fee of ?35.00 per invoice is charged to check shipping/export documents. (d) No VAT amounts or Import VAT will be refunded where the total refund (after deducting the processing fee) is under ?35.
(e) If you are re-exporting a * lot outside of the EU, you must either use Chiswick Auctions Ltd TA Shipper or arrange for us to transfer the TA from our shipper to your own TA or bond account.
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4.4 Artist Resale Rights / Droit de Suite Lots marked with ‘ARR’ may be subject to a levy. Droit de Suite is a royalty payable to a qualifying artist or to the artist’s heir each time a work is resold during the artist’s lifetime and up to a period of 70 years after the artist’s death. Royalties are calculated on a cumulative sliding percentage scale based on the hammer price excluding the buyer’s premium. The royalty does not apply to Lots selling below the sterling equivalent of €1,000 and the maximum royalty payable on any single Lot is the sterling equivalent of €12,500. Royalties for Droit de Suite are as follows:
? From 0 to €50,000 4% ? From €50,000.01 to €200,000 3% ? From €200,000.01 to €350,000 1% ? From €350,000.01 to €500,000 0.5% ? Exceeding €500,000 0.25%
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4.6 Collection Purchased Lots can be collected from the auction room after the sale has ended or between 10am and 6pm up until close of business on the Friday following the sale. Special arrangements may be made for collection on Saturday at CA Ltd’s discretion.
4.7 Storage Purchased Lots not collected before 6pm on the day after the sale shall incur storage charges of ?5.00 per Lot, per day or part thereof. CA Ltd shall be entitled to retain purchased Lots sold until all sums due have been paid to CA Ltd. If any purchased lot remains uncollected 21 days after the sale, storage charges shall thereafter be ?10 per day and CA Ltd shall, in accordance with the Law, have the right to sell the purchased Lot to recover payment of storage charges outstanding. Any balance proceeds of sale received after payment of all sums outstanding and due to CA Ltd shall be held for the account of the Buyer.
4.8 Shipping Any shipping costs that may arise subsequently to the sale shall be at the Buyer’s expense. Such costs may include but not limited to postage, import and export permits where required and any other licence necessary for goods to be shipped outside of the European Union. CA Ltd does not offer insurance for shipping. However, CA Ltd may arrange insurance upon the Buyer’s request and at the Buyer’s expense. CA Ltd cannot be held responsible for any damages that may be incurred to goods prior to the fall of the hammer.
4.9 Loss or Damage CA Ltd does not accept liability for loss or damage occurring to Lots after the sale. CA Ltd will use reasonable efforts when handling packing and shipping of Lots purchased, but shall not be responsible for any loss or damages that may occur whilst the said Lot is in any third party’s care.
4.10 Cultural Goods import and export restrictions Cultural goods may be subject to import and export restrictions. Under EU Regulations related to the trade of cultural goods, export licences may be required for export outside of the European Union if the item’s value exceeds the EU threshold. Under UK Law, a licence may also be required for intra-EU trade. Licenses are issued by Arts Council England and it is the Buyer’s duty to obtain them. Some countries restrict the import of specific cultural goods. For example, the United States prohibits the import of pre-Columbian monumental or architectural sculpture or murals, as well as any cultural goods in provenance from some countries subject to armed conflicts. The Buyer must verify local legislation prior to the sale in order to be assured that import or export is possible.
4.11 CITES import and export restrictions Certain endangered species are listed in the CITES Convention. Listed specimens and any parts or products thereof are subject to issuance of an export permit when leaving the European Union. Appendix I species, are also subject to issuance of a prior import permit from the country in which the goods are to be imported. Such permits are necessary before applying for export permits and it is the Buyer’s duty to initiate the proceedings with the relevant authority. The Buyer must be aware that certain countries prohibit the import of some species or any parts or products derived thereof. For example, the United States prohibit all import of African elephant ivory, and any item containing parts that may merely resemble African elephant ivory must be accompanied by relevant documentation stating it is not the latter. Worked items that are dated before 1947 are exempt from import restrictions for intra-EU trade and shall not require export licences. Please be aware that all Lots marked with the symbol λ are subject to CITES regulations.
4.12 Limitation of liability regarding CITES export licenses Where licences are required for importing or exporting outside of the European Union, it is the Buyer’s duty to obtain them. CA Ltd cannot be held responsible if the Buyer’s application for an export permit is unsuccessful. Subsequently, in the event of failure thereof, CA Ltd shall not permit cancellation or rescission of the sale.
4.13 Warranties CA Ltd does not provide the Buyer with warranties relating to any Lot, unless required by Law.
4.14 Authenticity warranty In the event of a Lot being sold as authentic under the catalogue description and the Buyer provides evidence in the form of a written report by a recognised expert or test results that the said Lot is not, CA Ltd will refund the purchase price. The Buyer shall give notice to CA Ltd within 28 days from knowledge or any event giving reasons for suspecting that the item is not authentic, and within one year of the said sale. Any claim thereafter shall not be receivable. For the purposes of the present paragraph, authenticity shall be defined as the state of a Lot that is genuine and not a forgery or a copy.
5. ANTIQUITIES AND TRIBAL ART
5.1 Import and export restrictions and regulations Archaeological goods over 100 years of age, unless covered by exemption of limited scientific interest, will require an EU Licence for export to a third country, regardless of their value. It is recommended that the Buyer contact the Export Licensing Unit at Arts Council England in order to be assured the good is or not of limited archaeological or scientific interest. Archaeological goods found on United-Kingdom soil or in UK territorial waters over 50 years of age shall require a UK Licence regardless of their value and regardless of the export destination. Other archaeological objects regardless of their origin will require an Individual Licence or OGEL depending on their value. Both European-Union and UK Licences may be required simultaneously for some items. It is the Buyer’s duty to undertake the necessary steps. CA Ltd cannot be held responsible and the sale cannot be cancelled in the event of failure to obtain the relevant licences.
6. JEWELLERY
6.1 Gemstone treatment and estimates Many gemstones on the market have been treated so as to augment their appearance, in a reversible or permanent manner. Treatments under the present section may be but not limited to:
? Heat treatment to enhance sapphires and rubies’ clarity and colour ? Oil and resin treatments for emeralds applied in different ways, to enhance clarity of the stone ? Staining ? Irradiation ? Coating
Estimates provided by CA Ltd are deemed to be based on the fact that the gemstone may have been subject to any type of treatment in the past. CA Ltd shall not be responsible in the absence of mention thereof. A certificate may be issued by a laboratory, providing with detailed information on the condition of the gemstone and any treatment applied thereto. The Buyer must be aware that different laboratories have different approaches as to the degree or type of treatment for a particular gemstone. If a certificate accompanies the Lot, the Buyer must be aware that it is merely a statement of the laboratory’s opinion and in no way can CA Ltd be held responsible for any mentions therein. Such certificates are deemed to be delivered with the Lot for informative purposes only.
6.2 Estimated weights If a stone’s exact weight appears within the body of the description, the stone has been un-mounted and weighed by CA Ltd. If the weight of a stone is stated to be approximate, the stone has been assessed by CA Ltd within its setting, and the defined weight is a statement of opinion only. This information is given as a guide and bidders should satisfy themselves with regard to this information as to its accuracy.
6.3 Signatures ‘A diamond ring, by X’: When the maker’s name appears in the title, in Chiswick Auctions’ opinion the piece is by that maker. ‘A diamond ring, signed X’: Has a signature that, in Chiswick Auctions’ opinion, is authentic but may contain gemstones that are not original, or the piece may have been altered. ‘A diamond ring, mounted by X’: Has been created by the jeweller, in Chiswick Auctions’ opinion, but using stones or designs supplied by the client. ‘Maker’s mark for X’: Has a maker’s mark which in Chiswick Auctions’ opinion is authentic. Some items may include parts or products derived from endangered species, such as ivory or coral. Such items may be subject to import or export restrictions. See section on CITES regulations for more details.
7. CLOCKS AND WATCHES
All Lots are sold as seen. Clocks and watches are therefore not deemed to be sold in working condition. Absence of reference thereof in the description does not imply that the Lot is in good condition and without defects, or has been subject to repair or restoration. CA Ltd makes no representation or warranty that any clock or watch is in working order. As clocks and watches often contain fine and complex mechanisms, bidders should be aware that a general service, change of battery or further repair work, for which the Buyer is solely responsible, may be necessary. Most clocks and watches are likely to have been repaired in the past, and as a result may include parts that are not original thereto. The United-States restrict the importation of watches such as Rolex, Frank Muller or Corum. Such models can only be imported personally by the Buyer and CA Ltd cannot assist with shipping thereof. Some watches may include leather straps derived from endangered species. Buyers may be required to obtain appropriate permits for import or export purposes in accordance with CITES regulations. CA Ltd acts in compliance with such legislations and shall take necessary steps where required. Subsequently, watches may be deemed sold without their straps.
8. FURNITURE
8.1 Upholstered furniture after 1950 According to The Furniture and Furnishings (Fire Safety) Regulations 1988, furniture that was upholstered after the 1st of January 1950 is subject to restrictions in the United-Kingdom. Exempt upholstered furniture that does not meet such requirements is deemed sold for purely aesthetic purposes.CA Ltd shall not be responsible for later alterations to the furniture, making it unfit for sale.
9. FINE ART
Fine Art paintings as included in the catalogue description ‘X 1600-1670’: In Chiswick Auctions’ opinion, it is an authentic work by the artist. ‘Attributed to X 1600-1670’: In Chiswick Auctions’ opinion, it is probably a work by the artist. ‘Circle of X 1600-1670’: In Chiswick Auctions’ opinion, it is a work by an unidentified artist working in the artist’s style and during the period of the artist’s life. ‘Follower of X 1600-1670’: In Chiswick Auctions’ opinion, it is a work by an unidentified artist working in the artist’s style, contemporary or near contemporary. ‘School of X, 17th century’: In Chiswick Auctions’ opinion, it is a work executed in that period and in the style associated with that artist. ‘French School, 17th century’: In Chiswick Auctions’ opinion, it is a work executed in that period and in the style associated with a particular location. ‘Manner of X’: In Chiswick Auctions’ opinion, it is a work by an unidentified artist working in the artist’s style but at a later date, although not of recent execution. ‘Style of X’: In Chiswick Auctions’ opinion, it is a work by an unidentified artist working in the artist’s style and of recent execution. ‘After X 1600-1670: In Chiswick Auctions’ opinion, it is a copy by an unidentified artist of a named work by the artist. Lots sold ‘as seen’ or ‘as found’ are deemed to be sold in their present condition, with their faults and defects. The Bidder must be aware that purchase of such Lots is at there own risk.
10. ASIAN ARTS
10.1 Import and export restrictions When dealing with Asian Arts and more specifically with items made of exotic wood (e.g. all species of rosewood) or elephant ivory, the Buyer must be aware of import and export restrictions in accordance with CITES Regulations. As aforementioned in the Section relating to such matters, import and export permits or re-export certificates may be required. Verification letters will be required for re-export of worked rhinoceros items.
10.2 Fine Chinese Paintings Current scholarship in the field of Chinese Paintings and Calligraphy does not permit unqualified statements as to the authorship or date of execution. The limited right of rescission contained in the present terms and conditions does not apply to Chinese paintings. Notwithstanding, if within 28 days of the sale of any such Lot, the original purchaser gives written notice to CA Ltd that the Lot is a forgery and within fourteen days after giving such notice, the original purchaser returns the lot to us in the same condition as at the time of sale and demonstrates to our satisfaction that the lot is a forgery, CA Ltd will rescind the sale and refund the purchase price received. For this purpose, a ‘forgery’ is defined as a work created with the intent to deceive.
11. BOOKS AND MANUSCRIPTS
Books and manuscripts sold as incomplete are not subject to returns. Printed books may be returned for a full refund only if they prove to be defective in text or illustration. This shall not apply to the absence of blanks, half titles or advertisements, to un-named books or to books sold under the heading of ‘binding’ or ‘bindings’.
12. WINES AND SPIRITS
In accordance with agreed standards in the trade, estimates shall be deemed to have taken into account the fill level. For the purposes of the present Terms and Conditions, the ‘Fill Level’ refers to the space between the base of the cork and the liquid in the bottle. Fill levels may vary with age or depending on the condition of the wine or spirit. Lack of mention thereof in the description is not a representation of an ‘acceptable’ fill level from CA Ltd. CA Ltd offers no guarantee as to suitability for drinking of the wine or spirit. The Buyer must be aware of the risk that the taste of a wine or spirit may be altered due to factors such as age, storage conditions, oxidation, etc.
13. COPYRIGHT
CA Ltd shall own the copyright on all images, illustrations and written material produced by or for CA Ltd relating to a Lot, including catalogue contents. Such copyright shall remain at all times the property of CA Ltd. Neither the Buyer nor anyone else shall use the abovementioned materials without the prior written consent of CA Ltd. Some Lots may be subject to copyright protection, CA Ltd does not guarantee said Lots are free thereof.
14. DATA PROTECTION
The Buyer agrees that personal information transmitted to CA Ltd may be disclosed exclusively for the purposes of business, or as required by Law. CA Ltd shall not use personal information for any other purpose without the Buyer’s prior consent. CA Ltd never sell, lend or trade in personal data provided by any Bidder.
15. SEVERABILITY
Whenever and to the extent that any provisions of these terms would or might contravene the provision of any relevant legislation, such provision is to take effect only in so far as it may do so without contravening such legislation and the legality, validity and enforceability of any of the remaining provisions are not in any way to be affected or impaired as a result.
16. AMENDMENTS
The current Terms and Conditions may be amended, verbally or in writing, prior to the sale.
17. LAW AND JURISDICTION
The rights and obligations of the parties with respect to these Conditions of Sale and the conduct of the auction and any matters related to any of the foregoing shall be governed by and interpreted in accordance with the Law of England and Wales. For the benefit of CA Ltd all bidders and sellers agree that the Courts of England are to have exclusive jurisdiction to settle all disputes arising in connection with all aspects of all matters or transactions to which these Conditions of Sale and Authorship warranty relate or apply. All parties agree that CA Ltd shall retain the right to bring proceedings in any court other than the Courts of England.
Payment must be in cash, debit, credit card or bank transfer. We do not accept cheques. Credit cards are subject to a 3% surcharge. Title will not pass to the buyer until Chiswick Auctions Ltd has received all amounts due to them in cleared funds even if the lot has been released to the buyer.
Please note that in the event that you do not pay for the item we will have to notify Invaluable which may affect your ability in future to bid on other auctions via the site. We look forward to hearing from you.
