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全球拍卖首页 > Bonhams UK > The H Collection > Lot 15
A VERY RARE ARCHAIC BRONZE RITUAL WINE VESSEL AND COVER, YOU Early Western Zhou Dynasty, 10th century BC (2)
英国 北京时间
2021年05月13日 开拍 / 2021年05月11日 截止委托
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A VERY RARE ARCHAIC BRONZE RITUAL WINE VESSEL AND COVER, YOU Early Western Zhou Dynasty, 10th century BCThe vessel of oval section fitted with a pair of loops attached to the arched handle ending with animal-mask terminals, cast in shallow relief on each side with a pair of kui dragons confronting an animal mask, all reserved on a leiwen band between two rows of circles, the cover similarly decorated beneath a segmented finial, both the inner body and cover cast with an eight-character inscription reading Menge Shou zuo fuyi zunyi, the surface with light malachite and cuprite encrustations. 30cm (11 6/8in) high. (2). 注脚 西周早期，公元前10世紀 青銅夔龍紋獸首提梁卣The inscription Douge Shou zuo fuyi zunyi 鬥戈 守作父乙尊彝 may be translated as 'Dou made this precious ritual vessel as a sacrifice for ancestor Father Yi'.Provenance: Major-General Sir Neill Malcolm (1869-1953), KCB, DSOCaptain Dugald Malcolm (1917-2000), CMG, CVO, TD Sotheby's London, The Malcolm Collection: Ancient Bronzes, 29 March 1977, lot 17Hartman Rare Art, New YorkChristie's London, 10 December 1990, lot 2Christie's New York, 18 September 1997, lot 324 An important European private collectionExhibited: Dartington Hall, Exhibition of Chinese Art, 9 July- 14 August 1949, Catalogue, no.1Oriental Ceramic Society, Exhibition of Early Chinese Bronzes, 1951, Catalogue, no.70Published: Dartington Hall, Chinese Art, 1949, Catalogue, no.1Oriental Ceramic Society, Exhibition of Early Chinese Bronzes, 1951, Catalogue, no.70Y. Liu and Y. Lu, Jinchu yinzhou jinwen jilu (Corpus of Recently Discovered Inscriptions from the Yin & Zhou Dynasties), vol.3, Beijing, 2002, pl.597, p.57T. Wang and Y. Liu, A selection of early Chinese bronzes with inscriptions from Sotheby's and Christie's sales, Shanghai, 2007, pl.146Z. F. Wu, Shangzhou qingtongqi mingwen ji tuxiang jicheng (Corpus of Inscriptions and Images of Bronzes from the Shang & Zhou Dynasties), Shanghai, 2016, vol.24, p.131, pl.13217The Malcolm Collection of Chinese early bronzes, ceramics and works of art was one of the most important private collections of its type formed in England during the 1920s-1940s. As described by Captain Dugald Malcolm in the foreword to the 1977 Sotheby's catalogue, his father Sir Neill Malcolm first went to China in 1896. Starting from Leh in Kashmir, the journey to Beijing took seven months. His first purchases were made in Berlin in 1919 and then later when he served in Singapore (1921-1924). Between the First and Second World Wars he visited Beijing a number of times and made a few purchases, although the bulk of the collecting took place in London. Sir Neill Malcolm was a member of the Executive Committee of the 1935-1936 Exhibition at the Royal Academy and lent 16 pieces himself. Since 1953 and prior to being sold in 1977, the collection was on loan to London University, first to the Courtauld Institute and then at the Percival David Foundation, which made the collection available for study to scholars.來源：爵級司令勳章及傑出服務勳章获勋人Neill Malcolm少將（1869-1953年）舊藏聖米迦勒及聖喬治勳章三等勳爵士Dugald Malcolm上尉（1917-2000年）舊藏倫敦蘇富比，「Malcolm收藏中國青銅禮器」專場拍賣，1977年3月29日，拍品編號17紐約古董商Hartman Rare Art倫敦佳士得，1990年12月10日，拍品編號2紐約佳士得，1997年9月18日，拍品編號324歐洲重要私人收藏展覽記錄：Dartington Hall，「Exhibition of Chinese Art（中國藝術展）」，1949年7月9日-8月14日，《圖錄》，編號1倫敦東方陶瓷學會，「Exhibition of Early Chinese Bronzes（早期中國青銅器展）」，1951年，《圖錄》，編號70出版著錄：Dartington Hall，《中國藝術圖錄》，1949年，編號1倫敦東方陶瓷學會，《早期中國青銅器展圖錄》，1951年，，編號70劉雨，盧岩，《近出殷周金文集錄》，卷三，北京，2002年，頁57，圖版597汪濤，劉雨，《流散歐美殷周有銘青銅器集錄》，上海，2007年，圖版146吳鎮烽，《商周青銅器銘文暨圖像集成》，上海，2016年，卷24，頁131，圖版13217Malcolm氏的高古青銅器和陶瓷等中國藝術品收藏，乃是上世紀二十至四十年代英國最為重要的中國藝術私人鉅藏之一。如Dugald Malcolm上尉在1977年蘇富比專拍圖錄前言中所述，Neill Malcolm少將於1896年首次進入中國，但直至1919年才在柏林購入第一件藏品。其於1921至1924年在新加坡履職，一戰及二戰期間也曾多次造訪北京，購買古董，但其大部分收藏還是購自倫敦。1935至1936年，中國藝術國際博覽會於倫敦皇家藝術學院舉辦，Malcolm少將任執行委員會委員之一，並借展了所藏16件藏品。1953年Malcolm少將逝世後，其藏品先後出借於倫敦大學下屬的考陶爾德學院與大維德中國藝術基金會，供學者們研究學習，直至1977年於蘇富比盡數專場釋出。Outstanding for its remarkably-preserved crisp decoration of the leiwen pattern, which complements the elegant and slightly compressed form of the pear-shaped body, the present vessel displays the features traditionally associated with bronze production of the early Western Zhou dynasty.The you was one of the most important wine vessels of the late Shang and Zhou periods. Together with other bronze vessels manufactured for holding food and wine, the you formed part of the ritual paraphernalia employed during the performance of important sacrifices to the ancestors of the highest-ranking families of the time. These vessels were often cast with inscriptions recording the land and regional affiliations of the ancestors and their wider families. Honoured and commemorated through the use of these precious vessels, the ancestral spirits were encouraged to confer blessings on their descendants; whilst at the same time, the use of the vessel displayed, to the living, the power and wealth of their deceased owner. The number of vessels owned by a noble of the late Shang and Zhou periods numbered from twenty to forty-five pieces. Rarely would these vessels have been of exactly the same date or cast with closely-related decoration; but all were nonetheless products of a readily-intelligible system that depended on the replication of design elements from one generation to the next. By owning and using vessels that called to mind more remote eras, the patrons could reach back beyond the immediate past so they could associate themselves with earlier generations and their deeds; see J.Rawson, 'Reinventing Ancient Ornament and the Presence of the Past: Examples from Shang and Zhou Bronze Vessels', in Wu Hung, Reinventing the Past. Archaism and Antiquarianism in Chinese Visual Art and Culture, Chicago, 2010, pp.47-76.Despite the early occurrence of the term you in Shang oracle-bone inscriptions and Western Zhou bronze inscriptions which refer to a vessel employed for storing aromatic wine, the association of the term you with the shape of the current example appears to date to later times. By the Northern Song period, the 'Catalogue of Illustrated Antiques' Kaogutu employed you to define eight different bronze vessels of similar shape to the present example; see Wang Tao, Chinese Bronzes from the Meiyintang Collection, London, 2009, p.62.According to Robert Bagley, the oval shape of you vessels, which the present example displays, did not appear until after the first century of the Anyang period (1600-1046BC) and could greatly vary from a taller, to a cylindrical, square and even animal shape standing on four legs and cast with a long spout; see R.Bagley, Shang Ritual Bronzes in the Arthur M. Sackler Collections, Washington, 1987, p.374.By the Western Zhou period (circa 1046-771 BC) the basic shape of the you was slightly modified; its profile became more compact and its oval section more squared. Although contemporaneous examples slightly differed in proportion and profile, as well as in the shape of the handle and the knob, the linear decoration of the present you is closer to late Shang examples lacking the flanges and decorated only with narrow bands of design around the cover, shoulder and foot, leaving the main body plain. For a discussion about the different typologies of you dating from the late Shang period, see R.Bagley, Shang Ritual Bronzes in the Arthur M. Sackler Collections, Washington, 1987, pls.68-70.By the end of the Middle Western Zhou period, the you disappeared from the repertoire of bronze vessels used for ritual purposes, along with other wine vessels such as zun and jue. The nature and reason for this development are obscure; however, they may be explained in terms of religious reform spurred by political reasons. The political and economic turmoil that accompanied the latter part of the Western Zhou may have in fact triggered a concern with the stability of the state and with rituals as means of ensuring cohesion; see J.Rawson, 'Late Western Zhou. A Break in the Shang Bronze Tradition', in Early China, 1985-1987, vols.11 and 12, pp.289-296.Compare with a similar archaic bronze vessel and cover, you, Western Zhou dynasty, illustrated by R.Bagley, Shang Ritual Bronzes in the Arthur M.Sackler Collections, Washington, 1987, p.402, fig.71.1. Another related bronze vessel and cover, you, early Western Zhou dynasty, is illustrated by J.Rawson in Western Zhou Ritual Bronzes from the Arthur M. Sackler Collections: vol.IIB, Washington, 1995, p.494, pl.68. A related archaic bronze you, early Western Zhou dynasty, was sold at Sotheby's New York, 21 March 2018, lot 584; see also a mid Western Zhou bronze you of similar shape but with different motifs, which was sold at Christie's New York, 23 March 2012, lot 1524.卣圓鼓腹，圈足，蓋穹頂。蓋、器皆飾單層變形夔紋，以雷紋填地，上下飾連珠紋一周。器身連珠紋之下再起弦紋一匝，正中鑄有浮雕獸首以作中軸。器以半環銜接提梁，提梁兩端雕飾獸首，表面同樣飾夔紋及雷紋，中心起扉棱。圈足飾弦紋兩匝。卣為古代重要的盛酒器。《詩經》有云，「秬鬯一卣」。秬鬯是古代祭祀神靈時用的酒，以香草與黑黍釀製而成，色黃而芳香，後更成為漢晉時期皇帝賜給諸侯、大臣有殊勳者的「九錫」之一；卣即指盛放秬鬯的酒器。雖然在殷墟甲骨文卜辭、先秦文獻乃至如毛公鼎銘文等西周金文中都有「卣」的存在，但出土青銅器中尚未發現自命為「卣」的器物。北宋時期，呂大臨所著《考古圖》始將八件如此器型的青銅禮器命名為「卣」。參見汪濤著，《玫茵堂藏中國銅器》，倫敦，2009年，頁62。現今的出土陶器中未見卣這類器型。青銅卣始見於商，盛行於商晚期和西周。據Robert Bagley所述，安陽時期的青銅卣形式多樣，或為高圓柱形、方形，或下呈三足、四足，乃至模仿各類動物形狀製成。見R.Bagley著，《Shang Ritual Bronzes in the Arthur M. Sackler Collections》，華盛頓，1987年，頁374。至西周時，形如本例身呈梨形、頸帶提樑的樣式開始流行。但紋飾仍舊保持了商晚期的裝飾風格，多以雷紋作地，夔龍紋或鳳鳥紋為主題的帶飾環繞蓋、頸一周，器身餘無他飾。有關商晚期以來青銅卣的不同類型，參考R.Bagley著，《Shang Ritual Bronzes in the Arthur M. Sackler Collections》，華盛頓，1987年，圖版68-70。西周中期以後，青銅酒器種類銳減，包括卣、尊、爵等逐漸銷聲匿跡。其中原因尚不明晰，一說西周後期統治階層為穩定時局，改革了祭祀形式。見J.Rawson著，〈Late Western Zhou. A Break in the Shang Bronze Tradition〉，收錄於《Early China》，卷11及12，1985-1987年，頁289-296。參考一件相似的西周時期青銅卣，收錄於R.Bagley著，《Shang Ritual Bronzes in the Arthur M. Sackler Collections》，華盛頓，1987年，頁402，圖版71.1。另見一例西周早期青銅卣，收錄於J.Rawson著，《Western Zhou Ritual Bronzes from the Arthur M. Sackler Collections》，卷二B，華盛頓，1995年，頁494，圖版68。一件西周早期青銅卣，售於紐約蘇富比，2018年3月21日，拍品編號584；以及一件西周中期青銅卣，形制與本例相似但裝飾不同，售於紐約佳士得，2012年3月23日，拍品編號1524，可資比對。

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